From: owner-chakram-refugees-digest@smoe.org (chakram-refugees-digest) To: chakram-refugees-digest@smoe.org Subject: chakram-refugees-digest V6 #11 Reply-To: chakram-refugees@smoe.org Sender: owner-chakram-refugees-digest@smoe.org Errors-To: owner-chakram-refugees-digest@smoe.org Precedence: bulk chakram-refugees-digest Friday, January 13 2006 Volume 06 : Number 011 Today's Subjects: ----------------- Fw: [chakram-refugees] [chakram] Legacy - not Arabs ["Jacquie" Subject: Fw: [chakram-refugees] [chakram] Legacy - not Arabs My apologies, Boeotian, I posted this to your personal email...duh! > This is most interesting, thankyou. Of the non Arabic population of North Africa mainly living in Algeria and Morroco, along the beautiful mountainous coast of the Mediterranean sea, are a Berber race called the Kabyle. They have their own Kabyle language and culture. The women have always been very emancipated and their culture, like the Kabyle people themselves, has been the target of Arab religious extremists, to this day. My grandfather, my mother's father, was Kabyle..he was tall with fair hair and green eyes, typical of many. There are now many Kabyle people living in France and Canada I believe where their culture and language is respected and encouraged. Most Kabyle people also speak french. I would be most interested in any other information you might find on the History of Kabylie.also I do understand that Kahina really did exist and is part of Kabyle History. For more information in french.. http://www.Kabyle.com/ Jacquie Bouchara > ----- Original Message ----- > From: > To: > Sent: Wednesday, January 11, 2006 1:44 AM > Subject: [chakram-refugees] [chakram] Legacy - not Arabs > > >> The long thread on Legacy included a post which referred to the North >> Africans as >> "Arabs." But the episode took place in the 1st century A.D. - probably. >> It >> took place >> during the Roman Empire, so it was before North Africans became Arabs. >> The >> people shown in the episode were Berbers, the ancient people of North >> Africa. >> >> Arabs are people who speak Arabic as their principle language. In the >> ancient >> world Arabs lived only in the Arabian Peninsula, the only place where >> Arabic >> was >> spoken. In the 7th century Mohammed proclaimed Islam and soon after his >> death Arabs Muslims defeated the Byzantine and Persian Empires and made >> the Middle East both Moslem and (in most places except Iran) >> Arabic-speaking. >> The Arabs conquered North Africa about 700 A.D. A Berber queen called >> the >> Kahina (a title, not a name) opposed the Arab conquest. She was >> defeated >> and killed. Melissa Good used her title as the name of her character. >> Only >> after 700 did Berbers begin to speak Arabic and therefore became Arabs. >> Today some North Africans still speak Berber languages, while most speak >> Arabic. >> >> I wrote two articles about this for Whoosh. Whoosh 85 has my article on >> the historical Kahina. Whoosh 90 has my article Middle Easterners in >> Xena: Warrior Princess, in which I argue that while Renaissance Pictures >> was fair to other ethnic groups they treated Middle Eastern, non-Jewish >> groups, the groups which most viewers would take to be Arab, in >> stereotyped >> ways. Since Arabs lived only in Arabia in ancient times, it is likely >> that >> there >> were no real Arabs in any Xena episode. The non-Jewish Middle Eastern >> groups seen in Xena, including the North African Berbers in Legacy, were >> the >> ancestors of people who (mostly) became Arabs later. These pre-Arab, >> non-Jewish Middle-Easterners and North Africans are often assumed to >> be Arabs by viewers. >> >> Boeotian ========================================================= This has been a message to the chakram-refugees list. To unsubscribe, send a message to majordomo@smoe.org with "unsubscribe chakram-refugees" in the message body. Contact meth@smoe.org with any questions or problems. ========================================================= ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 12 Jan 2006 23:21:59 -0500 From: richan@aol.com Subject: Re: [chakram-refugees] 203UB313 (was Planet Xena) KLOSSNER writes: >>The program said that Xena/UB313 is an icy object and that if it was as close to the sun as Earth is, it would partially melt and would have a tail like a comet. This is a strong argument that it is not a true planet. Size matters: Xena/UB313 is larger than Pluto and since Pluto is considered to be a planet all planetary bodies larger than Pluto are considered to be planets. Well so goes popular wisdom anyway. But the fact that Kuiper belt objects tend to be composed mostly of ice might give us a glimpse of the future. Mars might be bombarded by redirected Kuiper belt objects to increase its water content helping to terraform it for human use. Kuiper belt objects might also be positioned near other areas needing water for human consumption or for manufacturing, mining operations on various moons or asteroids for example. Richan ========================================================= This has been a message to the chakram-refugees list. To unsubscribe, send a message to majordomo@smoe.org with "unsubscribe chakram-refugees" in the message body. Contact meth@smoe.org with any questions or problems. ========================================================= ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 13 Jan 2006 00:00:07 -0500 From: richan@aol.com Subject: Re: [chakram-refugees] "One Weekend A Month" Lee writes: >>The Korean "police action" was the last time that reserve forces were activated 'en mass'. The continued "conceptual" reliance on reserve forces made good budgetary sense. But the personal trauma was unexpected. But then again we all signed a contract and swore an oath. The Coast Guard activated my unit for the Cuban Refugee Crisis in 1980. The regulars were sent to Florida to relieve overtaxed boat crews. The reserves staffed the regulars' positions at the base. Not married and no kids at the time thankfully. Didn't last long but it sure was a "wake up call." Richan Semper Paratus ========================================================= This has been a message to the chakram-refugees list. To unsubscribe, send a message to majordomo@smoe.org with "unsubscribe chakram-refugees" in the message body. Contact meth@smoe.org with any questions or problems. ========================================================= ------------------------------ End of chakram-refugees-digest V6 #11 *************************************