From: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org (alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest) To: ammf-digest@smoe.org Subject: alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #9946 Reply-To: ammf@fruvous.com Sender: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Errors-To: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Precedence: bulk alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest Wednesday, October 19 2022 Volume 14 : Number 9946 Today's Subjects: ----------------- No more climbing the ladder. ["Gutter Guardian Affiliate" Subject: No more climbing the ladder. No more climbing the ladder. http://gutterguardian.today/RlM2c64J7xvYbYteA_YhoAsQKnMivtHdtYzbl_a9UONH0bcV7Q http://gutterguardian.today/YcPz41nVv9pQJh6wyjWH3Hv1g1EyulHqWvv9nsrBbqzhF_9gKQ e peace that Muhammad IV secured after the siege of Gibraltar was, by the principles of the time, rendered void by his death, and representatives of Yusuf met with those of Alfonso XI and Abu al-Hasan Ali. They signed a new treaty with a four-year duration at Fez, the capital of the Marinid Sultanate, on 26 February 1334. Like previous treaties, it authorised free trade between the three kingdoms, but, unusually, it did not include payments of tribute from Granada to Castile. Marinid ships were to be given access to Castilian ports, and the Marinid Sultan Abu al-Hasan promised not to increase his garrisons on the Iberian Peninsulabbut he could still rotate them. The latter condition was favourable not only to Castile but also to Granada, which was wary of possible expansionism by the larger Marinid Sultanate into the peninsula. Alfonso IV of Aragon (r. 1327b1336) agreed to join the treaty in May 1334 and signed his own agreement with Yusuf on 3 June 1335. After Alfonso IV's death in January ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 19 Oct 2022 05:09:10 -0400 From: "Perfect 20/20 Vision" Subject: Doctor Restores 20/20 Vision For The First Time Doctor Restores 20/20 Vision For The First Time http://visisharps.shop/5h7N4Wge9DGWkTUMvkegeyK1QnebKk_lOmASvXZvIeCkMoG_vQ http://visisharps.shop/XP4jYWOFRb97LGIO7sHjy3XF1ZY8PU1gH-VGP3nSAI3W1b7DyQ suf's predecessor, Muhammad IV, sought help from the Marinid Sultanate to counter a threat by an alliance of Castile and the powerful Granadan commander Uthman ibn Abi al-Ula, who supported a pretender to the throne in a civil war. In exchange for the Marinid alliance, he had to yield Ronda, Marbella, and Algeciras. Subsequently, the MarinidbGranadan forces captured Gibraltar and fended off a Castilian attempt to retake it, before signing a peace treaty with Alfonso XI of Castile and Abu al-Hasan Ali of the Marinids the day before Muhammad IV's assassination. While the actual killing of Muhammad IV was carried out by a slave named Zayyan, the instigators were Muhammad's own commanders, Abu Thabit ibn Uthman and Ibrahim ibn Uthman. They were the sons of Uthman ibn Abi al-Ula, who died in 1330, and his successors as the leaders of the Volunteers of the Faith, the corps of North Africans fighting on the Iberian Peninsula for Granada. According to Ibn Khaldun, the two brothers decided to kill Yusuf due to his closeness to the Marinid Sultan Abu al-Hasanbtheir political enemybwhile according to Castilian chronicles it was because of the friendly way he treated Alfonso XI at the conclusion of the siege. As a result of Muhammad's cessions to the Marinids and the taking of Gibraltar, the Marinids had sizeable garrisons and territories on traditionally Granadan lands in Al-Andalus (the Muslim-controlled part of the Iberian Peninsula). Their control ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 19 Oct 2022 04:08:55 -0400 From: "Shakira" Subject: Don't date data, meet real luscious women! Don't date data, meet real luscious women! http://bbwdatings.us/47tvtA8Xw5JPNy64rUka0_i-GCotqdw0ahQ2W8FiDpyawZauMw http://bbwdatings.us/5VmmJzWb-KMzyZ8ofbcLPUMe8lx9dTMcKClr43SvC8pC4IXavA Abu al-Hajjaj Yusuf ibn Ismail was born on 29 June 1318 (28 Rabi al-Thani 718 AH) in the Alhambra, the fortified royal palace complex of the Nasrid dynasty of the Emirate of Granada. He was the third son of the reigning sultan, Ismail I, and a younger brother of the future Muhammad IV. Ismail had four sons and two daughters, but Yusuf was the only child of his mother, Bahar. She was an umm walad (freed concubine) originally from the Christian lands, described as "noble in good deeds, chastity, and equanimity" by Yusuf's vizier, the historian Ibn al-Khatib. When Ismail was assassinated in 1325, he was succeeded by the ten-year old Muhammad, who ruled until he too was assassinated in 25 August 1333, when he was en route back to Granada after repulsing a Castilian siege of Gibraltar, jointly with the Marinids of Morocco. Ibn al-Khatib described the young Yusuf as "white-skinned, naturally strong, had a fine figure and an even finer character", with large eyes, dark straight hair, and a thick beard. He further wrote that Yusuf liked to "dress with elegance", was interested in art, architecture, a "collector of arms", and "had some mechanical ability". Before his accession, Yusuf lived in his mother ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 19 Oct 2022 07:09:49 -0400 From: "The Patriots" Subject: [FLASH ALERT] WINNER item inside [FLASH ALERT] WINNER item inside http://survivaltacticalbackpack.shop/uI06JBI35YfAuIfYU0JnPXDXNJFemwCzuSsbfBkrjQSGRc643Q http://survivaltacticalbackpack.shop/FFWTYqROi0M6ycyCWSrexaST2jjCAB9MUUZJDYoJ0hjzxBL8aQ the spring of 1339, after the expiration of the treaty, hostilities recommenced with Marinid raids into the Castilian countryside. Confrontations ensued between Castile on one side and the two Muslim kingdoms on the other. Granada was invaded by Castilian troops led by Gonzalo MartC-nez, Master of the Order of AlcC!ntara, who raided LocubC-n, AlcalC! de Benzaide and Priego. In turn, Yusuf led an army of 8,000 in besieging Siles, but was forced to lift the siege by the forces of the Master of the Order of Santiago, Alfonso MC)ndez de GuzmC!n. The personal rivalry between MartC-nez and de GuzmC!n appears to have caused the former to defect to Yusuf, but he was soon captured by Castilian forces, hanged as a traitor and his body burned. The Marinid commander on the peninsula, Abu Malik Abd al-Wahid, son of Abu al-Hasan, died during a battle with Castile on 20 October 1339, but Marinid forces continued to ravage the Castilian frontiers until they were defeated at Jerez. At the same time, Nasrid forces achieved military successes, including the conquest of Carcabuey. In autumn 1339, the Aragonese fleet under Jofre Gillabert tried to land near Algeciras but was driven away after their admiral was killed. On 8 April 1340, a major battle took place off Algeciras between the Castilian fleet under Alfonso JofrC) Tenorio and a larger MarinidbGranadan fleet under Muhammad al-Azafi, resulting in a Muslim victory and the death of Tenorio. The Muslim fleet captured 28 galleys out of the 44 in the Castilian fleet, as well as 7 carracks. Abu al-Hasan saw the naval victory as a harbinger for the con ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 19 Oct 2022 03:15:45 -0400 From: "URGENT Notification" Subject: BONUS: $100 Red Lobster Gift Card Opportunity BONUS: $100 Red Lobster Gift Card Opportunity http://depotdate.us/fO8DIIKRyCIzxVJ-dTNOGc3_T3sU3POVcKws1gtBiCcgUrRqRQ http://depotdate.us/W7KnU1L5_8KArEhC8C5r749Z_SOtuzrcCZCNthjn2AhQ1iP2-Q fter winning a major naval victory in April 1340, the Marinid-Granadan alliance was decisively defeated on 30 October in the disastrous Battle of RC-o Salado. In its aftermath, Yusuf was unable to prevent Castile from taking several Granadan castles and towns, including AlcalC! de Benzaide, LocubC-n, Priego, and BenamejC-. In 1342b1344, Alfonso XI besieged the strategic port of Algeciras. Yusuf led his troops in diversionary raids into Castilian territory, and later engaged the besieging army, but the city fell in March 1344. A ten-year peace treaty with Castile followed. In 1349, Alfonso XI broke the treaty and invaded again, laying siege to Gibraltar. Yusuf was responsible for supplying the besieged port, and led counter-attacks into Castile. The siege was lifted when Alfonso XI died of the Black Death in March 1350. Out of respect, Yusuf ordered his commanders to not attack the Castilian army as they retreated from Granadan territories carrying their king's body. Yusuf signed a treaty with Alfonso's son and successor Peter I (r. 1350b1366), even sending his troops to suppress a domestic rebellion against the Castilian king, as required by the treaty. His relation with the Marinids deteriorated when he provided refuge for the rebellious brothers of Sultan Abu Inan Faris (r. 1348b1358). He was assassinated by a madman while praying in the Great Mosque of Granada, on the day of Eid al-Fitr, 19 October 1354. In contrast to the military an ------------------------------ Date: Sat, 15 Oct 2022 10:02:36 -0400 From: "Cold Sore Virus" Subject: Herpes Virus Hiding Place Revealed! (Nobody Believed This!) Herpes Virus Hiding Place Revealed! (Nobody Believed This!) http://herpagreenz.today/sY961m_3sgfUEJdKkSCAmeZOwDH1KTyErHc34tt9DATXpPvjQA http://herpagreenz.today/4FENsVXx7Y7zf5t-85xO0p2JcLF6MhRU2S-yes--ua_UYN_wHw uring 215 BC the Macedonian king, Philip V, pledged his support to Hannibal b thus initiating the First Macedonian War against Rome in 215 BC. The Romans were concerned that the Macedonians would attempt to cross the Strait of Otranto and land in Italy. They strongly reinforced their navy in the area and despatched a legion to stand guard, and the threat petered out. In 211 BC Rome contained the Macedonians by allying with the Aetolian League, an anti-Macedonian coalition of Greek city states. In 205 BC this war ended with a negotiated peace. A rebellion in support of the Carthaginians broke out on Sardinia in 213 BC, but it was quickly put down by the Romans. a colourful mosaic of a sword-armed soldier gesturing to a seated man in ancient-style robes Archimedes before being killed by the Roman soldier b copy of a Roman mosaic from the 2nd century Sicily remained firmly in Roman hands, blocking the ready seaborne reinforcement and resupply of Hannibal from Carthage. Hiero II, the old tyrant of Syracuse of forty-five-years standing and a staunch Roman ally, died in 215 BC and his successor Hieronymus was discontented with his situation. Hannibal negotiated a treaty whereby Syracuse came over to Carthage, at the price of making the whole of Sicily a Syracusan possession. The Syracusan army proved no match for the Romans and by spring 213 BC Syracuse was besieged. Both Polybius' and Livy's accounts of the siege fo ------------------------------ End of alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #9946 **********************************************