From: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org (alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest) To: ammf-digest@smoe.org Subject: alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #9540 Reply-To: ammf@fruvous.com Sender: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Errors-To: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Precedence: bulk alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest Thursday, August 18 2022 Volume 14 : Number 9540 Today's Subjects: ----------------- Strange Acid Removes 20 years of wrinkles ["Strange acid" Subject: Strange Acid Removes 20 years of wrinkles Strange Acid Removes 20 years of wrinkles http://glowics.sa.com/cFSQDF1UnawWUYyaEuJkc_ILNOPjMElH95I4XxVvaWrtJD206w http://glowics.sa.com/d4gS-mUwnMK-p4Rp0geEWpvu_DwzvFupWFZ2chsHy9yu8KoRYQ ucceeded Umar after the latter's assassination in 644. His policies elicited discontent among the Muslim elite and accusations of nepotism. He began centralizing the power by reliance on his Umayyad relatives, who had long opposed Muhammad before converting to Islam in 630, to the exclusion of other members of the Quraysh, who had enjoyed significant authority during the reign of his two predecessors. He appointed his kinsmen to all of the provincial governorships. Although Uthman continued the expansion in eastern Persia and west of Egypt, the conquests came to a halt around the later half of his reign. The influx of spoils slowed, and the economic issues that had previously been ignored by the conquest tribesmen due to incoming revenue started coming to the fore. This was coupled with the dislike of the Arab nomads for central authority which had hitherto been superseded by the continued war effort. The continued migration of tribes from Arabia to the conquered territories also resulted in reduced payments from the revenue of the lands, which led to resentment among the earlier settlers. Uthman's interference in provincial affairs, including his declaration of the crown lands of Iraq as state assets, and his demand that the provincial surplus be forwarded to the caliph in Medina, brought about widespread opposition to his rule, especially from Iraq and Egypt, where the majority of the conquest armies had settled. The early settlers also saw their status threatened by the land grants in the conquered territories to prominent Qurayshites like Talha ibn Ubayd Allah and Zubayr ibn al-Awwam and the caliph allowing late-arriving tribal chiefs, such as Ashath ibn Qays, to acquire lands there in exchange for their lands in Arabia. Encouraged by the Medinese elite including prominent figures like Talha, Zubayr, Amr ibn al-As, the conqueror of Egypt whom Uthman had deposed, and Muhammad's widow A'isha, the provincial opposition subsequently broadened into open rebellion. Dissidents from Egypt and Iraq marched on Medina, killing the caliph in June 656. Ali, Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, was subsequen ------------------------------ End of alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #9540 **********************************************