From: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org (alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest) To: ammf-digest@smoe.org Subject: alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #9529 Reply-To: ammf@fruvous.com Sender: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Errors-To: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Precedence: bulk alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest Wednesday, August 17 2022 Volume 14 : Number 9529 Today's Subjects: ----------------- The WORST Food You Can Eat (Banned in Europe) ["Dr. Theo Diktaban" Subject: The WORST Food You Can Eat (Banned in Europe) The WORST Food You Can Eat (Banned in Europe) http://physiofit.sa.com/BTPXPM1oILdDgwykBrFNLh_VnCyk61w2ZdbtbuBrMG53gihE5g http://physiofit.sa.com/QiPU5EihtYRSfW9Cs8vpVHuD6E5l_9YoiC8qWgY9ndevgAHXbw sed an astronomical measurement to make the first quantitative estimate of the speed of light in the year 1676. When measured from Earth, the periods of moons orbiting a distant planet are shorter when the Earth is approaching the planet than when the Earth is receding from it. The distance travelled by light from the planet (or its moon) to Earth is shorter when the Earth is at the point in its orbit that is closest to its planet than when the Earth is at the farthest point in its orbit, the difference in distance being the diameter of the Earth's orbit around the Sun. The observed change in the moon's orbital period is caused by the difference in the time it takes light to traverse the shorter or longer distance. RC8mer observed this effect for Jupiter's innermost moon Io and deduced that light takes 22 minutes to cross the diameter of the Earth's orbit. A star emits a light ray that hits the objective of a telescope. While the light travels down the telescope to its eyepiece, the telescope moves to the right. For the light to stay inside the telescope, the telescope must be tilted to the right, causing the distant source to appear at a different location to the right. Aberration of light: light from a distant source appears to be from a different location for a moving telescope due to the finite speed of light. Another method is to use the aberration of light, discovered and explained by James Bradley in the 18th century. This effect results from the vector addition of the velocity of light arriving from a distant source (such as a star) and the velocity of its observer (see diagram on the right). A moving observer thus sees the light coming from a slightly different direction and consequently sees the source at a position shifted from its original position. Since the direction of the Earth's velocity changes continuously as the Earth orbits the Sun, this effect causes the apparent position of stars to move around. From the angular difference in the position of stars (maximally 20.5 arcseconds) it is possible to express the speed of light in terms of the Earth's velocity around the Sun, which with the ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 16 Aug 2022 09:09:44 -0400 From: "McAfee Total Protection" Subject: Your Mcafee subscription may have expired? Your Mcafee subscription may have expired? http://bestonline.sa.com/5Ksktbo-6BaMkeh9wIRk7CoGEgbO5h-H_u6vV7vG_KajgqjuRw http://bestonline.sa.com/1KuSMGA-SVH9v_Cmqqwmocgzrt9_1B0Apt2naYZuBjOzj5NHwQ method of measuring the speed of light is to measure the time needed for light to travel to a mirror at a known distance and back. This is the working principle behind the FizeaubFoucault apparatus developed by Hippolyte Fizeau and LC)on Foucault, based on a suggestion by FranC'ois Arago. The setup as used by Fizeau consists of a beam of light directed at a mirror 8 kilometres (5 mi) away. On the way from the source to the mirror, the beam passes through a rotating cogwheel. At a certain rate of rotation, the beam passes through one gap on the way out and another on the way back, but at slightly higher or lower rates, the beam strikes a tooth and does not pass through the wheel. Knowing the distance between the wheel and the mirror, the number of teeth on the wheel, and the rate of rotation, the speed of light can be calculated. The method of Foucault replaces the cogwheel with a rotating mirror. Because the mirror keeps rotating while the light travels to the distant mirror and back, the light is reflected from the rotating mirror at a different angle on its way out than it is on its way back. From this difference in angle, the known speed of rotation and the distance t ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 16 Aug 2022 09:00:45 -0400 From: "Gutter Guardian Affiliate" Subject: No more climbing the ladder. No more climbing the ladder. http://gutterguardien.sa.com/isjzLMYfTvi6J3PhHj7wK6dTj13tE_i2KbD8ZSqMl1qO9pzpuA http://gutterguardien.sa.com/GSHQka1zIPhK7tE4eKgUljD6w4WsbkMsnjFQIkpxLatmKQ6NCA e phase velocity is important in determining how a light wave travels through a material or from one material to another. It is often represented in terms of a refractive index. The refractive index of a material is defined as the ratio of c to the phase velocity vp in the material: larger indices of refraction indicate lower speeds. The refractive index of a material may depend on the light's frequency, intensity, polarization, or direction of propagation; in many cases, though, it can be treated as a material-dependent constant. The refractive index of air is approximately 1.0003. Denser media, such as water, glass, and diamond, have refractive indexes of around 1.3, 1.5 and 2.4, respectively, for visible light. In exotic materials like BosebEinstein condensates near absolute zero, the effective speed of light may be only a few metres per second. However, this represents absorption and re-radiation delay between atoms, as do all slower-than-c speeds in material substances. As an extreme example of light "slowing" in matter, two independent teams of physicists claimed to bring light to a "complete standstill" by passing it through a BosebEinstein condensate of the element rubidium. However, the popular description of light being "stopped" in these experiments refers only to light being stored in the excited states of atoms, then re-emitted at an arbitrarily later time, as stimulated by a second laser pulse. During the time it had "stopped", it had ceased to be light. This type of behaviour is generally microscopically true of all transparent media which "slow" the speed of light. In transparent materials, the refractive index generally is greater than 1, meaning that the phase velocity is less than c. In other materials, it is possible for the refractive index to become smaller th ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 16 Aug 2022 12:14:49 -0400 From: "Toenails Fungus" Subject: THIS African trick kills toenail fungus COMPLETELY THIS African trick kills toenail fungus COMPLETELY http://careproduct.za.com/ubUcC0_7y2O0JRpHFGAAU4M1aEhYr3zhUgd9MpVXdkBqvEqBzg http://careproduct.za.com/pTt2SDL_FdOgZet5EgXRvFhl1tLNG0znBagq-1tS8D8CAIou6Q was thought at the time that empty space was filled with a background medium called the luminiferous aether in which the electromagnetic field existed. Some physicists thought that this aether acted as a preferred frame of reference for the propagation of light and therefore it should be possible to measure the motion of the Earth with respect to this medium, by measuring the isotropy of the speed of light. Beginning in the 1880s several experiments were performed to try to detect this motion, the most famous of which is the experiment performed by Albert A. Michelson and Edward W. Morley in 1887. The detected motion was always less than the observational error. Modern experiments indicate that the two-way speed of light is isotropic (the same in every direction) to within 6 nanometres per second. Because of this experiment Hendrik Lorentz proposed that the motion of the apparatus through the aether may cause the apparatus to contract along its length in the direction of motion, and he further assumed that the time variable for moving systems must also be changed accordingly ("local time"), which led to the formulation of the Lorentz transformation. Based on Lorentz's aether theory, Henri PoincarC) (1900) showed that this local time (to first order in v/c) is indicated by clocks moving in ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 16 Aug 2022 08:33:41 -0400 From: "Upgrade your bathroom" Subject: Update your bathroom in ONE DAY Update your bathroom in ONE DAY http://productmart.sa.com/3PPH87zgSyLe7hRqGuFTwwawHI_e35MJBlTF_yZY7Z9vEqA5lA http://productmart.sa.com/NfxRNZ5OgD4U6Ia5cyN_P1rAdnwXUb-laWfn8CvvdHGinHHiVw e phase velocity is important in determining how a light wave travels through a material or from one material to another. It is often represented in terms of a refractive index. The refractive index of a material is defined as the ratio of c to the phase velocity vp in the material: larger indices of refraction indicate lower speeds. The refractive index of a material may depend on the light's frequency, intensity, polarization, or direction of propagation; in many cases, though, it can be treated as a material-dependent constant. The refractive index of air is approximately 1.0003. Denser media, such as water, glass, and diamond, have refractive indexes of around 1.3, 1.5 and 2.4, respectively, for visible light. In exotic materials like BosebEinstein condensates near absolute zero, the effective speed of light may be only a few metres per second. However, this represents absorption and re-radiation delay between atoms, as do all slower-than-c speeds in material substances. As an extreme example of light "slowing" in matter, two independent teams of physicists claimed to bring light to a "complete standstill" by passing it through a BosebEinstein condensate of the element rubidium. However, the popular description of light being "stopped" in these experiments refers only to light being stored in the excited states of atoms, then re-emitted at an arbitrarily later time, as stimulated by a second laser pulse. During the time it had "stopped", it had ceased to be light. This type of behaviour is generally microscopically true of all transparent media which "slow" the speed of light. In transparent materials, the refractive index generally is greater than 1, meaning that the phase velocity is less than c. In other materials, it is possible for the refractive index to become smaller th ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 16 Aug 2022 12:43:54 -0400 From: "Blurry Eyesight" Subject: little-known trick clears blurry eyesight little-known trick clears blurry eyesight http://visisoothe.sa.com/-ttt_Oj84dmsiXw6qr1Yq1M6Pkt8BjkAILM96dUxw-r1e4tXfg http://visisoothe.sa.com/RNYJQcJhR_FLdxM3bUo9UgYgbQzoMBiPolD_UvUb2SyD7fQbBQ ed an experiment in which a person observes the flash of a cannon reflecting off a mirror about one mile (1.6 km) away. In 1638, Galileo Galilei proposed an experiment, with an apparent claim to having performed it some years earlier, to measure the speed of light by observing the delay between uncovering a lantern and its perception some distance away. He was unable to distinguish whether light travel was instantaneous or not, but concluded that if it were not, it must nevertheless be extraordinarily rapid. In 1667, the Accademia del Cimento of Florence reported that it had performed Galileo's experiment, with the lanterns separated by about one mile, but no delay was observed. The actual delay in this experiment would have been about 11 microseconds. A diagram of a planet's orbit around the Sun and of a moon's orbit around another planet. The shadow of the latter planet is shaded. RC8mer's observations of the occultations of Io from Earth The first quantitative estimate of the speed of light was made in 1676 by Ole RC8mer. From the observation that the periods of Jupiter's innermost moon Io appeared to be shorter when the Earth was approaching Jupiter than when receding from it, he concluded that light travels at a finite speed, and estimated that it takes light 22 minutes to cross the diameter of Earth's orbit. Christiaan Huygens combined this estimate with an estimate for the diameter of the Earth's orbit to obtain an estimate of speed of light of 220000 km/s, which is 26% lower than the actual value. In his 1704 book Opticks, Isaac Newton reported RC8mer's calculations of the finite speed of light and gave a value of "seven or eight minutes" for the time taken for light to travel from the Sun to the Earth (the modern value is 8 minutes 19 seconds). Newton queried whether RC8mer's eclipse shadows were coloured; hearing that they were not, he concluded the different co ------------------------------ End of alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #9529 **********************************************