From: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org (alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest) To: ammf-digest@smoe.org Subject: alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #9184 Reply-To: ammf@fruvous.com Sender: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Errors-To: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Precedence: bulk alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest Friday, June 24 2022 Volume 14 : Number 9184 Today's Subjects: ----------------- You Have Been Selected for Inclusion ["Professional Recognition" Subject: You Have Been Selected for Inclusion You Have Been Selected for Inclusion http://contrasp.za.com/MdiAf9iOXM29Tbol72W7F4AZHWhITDDuIKehPZr8A7AV1M-rnQ http://contrasp.za.com/8vrEMtxZMdVe82n3FUkg7NS1TmtBbsvcqLfxWOwOcAHhgiLK eas the earth had previously been dominated by ferns and conifers, angiosperms appeared and quickly spread during the Cretaceous. They now comprise about 90% of all plant species including most food crops. It has been proposed that the swift rise of angiosperms to dominance was facilitated by a reduction in their genome size. During the early Cretaceous period, only angiosperms underwent rapid genome downsizing, while genome sizes of ferns and gymnosperms remained unchanged. Smaller genomesband smaller nucleiballow for faster rates of cell division and smaller cells. Thus, species with smaller genomes can pack more, smaller cellsbin particular veins and stomatabinto a given leaf volume. Genome downsizing therefore facilitated higher rates of leaf gas exchange (transpiration and photosynthesis) and faster rates of growth. This would have countered some of the negative physiological effects of genome duplications, facilitated increased uptake of carbon dioxide despite concurrent declines in atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and allowed the flowering plants to outcompete other land plants. The oldest known fossils definitively attributable to angiosperms are reticulated monosulcate pollen from the late Valanginian (Early or Lower Cretaceous - 140 to 133 million years ago) of Italy and Israel, likely representative of the basal angiosperm grade. The earliest known macrofossil confidently id ------------------------------ End of alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #9184 **********************************************