From: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org (alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest) To: ammf-digest@smoe.org Subject: alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #8407 Reply-To: ammf@fruvous.com Sender: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Errors-To: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Precedence: bulk alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest Monday, January 31 2022 Volume 14 : Number 8407 Today's Subjects: ----------------- Unbelievable Truth About Neuropathy Nerve Pain [And What to Do] ["NTG" Subject: Unbelievable Truth About Neuropathy Nerve Pain [And What to Do] Unbelievable Truth About Neuropathy Nerve Pain [And What to Do] http://longzila.co/-tzVH1HDljW554PWjHf-ELMFfotFdiZAy9X7rKHEWxNanPjv7g http://longzila.co/qCdL7zaL2E8PMWpFVF9V54YKIVrtClGMgIHTHlp06-YJbZTJrg mists have made many attempts to define species, beginning from morphology and moving towards genetics. Early taxonomists such as Linnaeus had no option but to describe what they saw: this was later formalised as the typological or morphological species concept. Ernst Mayr emphasised reproductive isolation, but this, like other species concepts, is hard or even impossible to test. Later biologists have tried to refine Mayr's definition with the recognition and cohesion concepts, among others. Many of the concepts are quite similar or overlap, so they are not easy to count: the biologist R. L. Mayden recorded about 24 concepts, and the philosopher of science John Wilkins counted 26. Wilkins further grouped the species concepts into seven basic kinds of concepts: (1) agamospecies for asexual organisms (2) biospecies for reproductively isolated sexual organisms (3) ecospecies based on ecological niches (4) evolutionary species based on lineage (5) genetic species based on gene pool (6) morphospecies based on form or phenotype and (7) taxonomic species, a species as determined by a taxonomist. Typological or morphological species All adult Eurasian blue tits share the same coloration, unmistakably identifying the morphospecies. A typological species is a group of organisms in which individuals conform to certain fixed properties (a type), so that even pre-literate people often recognise the same taxon as do modern taxonomists. The clusters of variations or phenotypes within specimens (such as longer or shorter tails) would differentiate the species. This method was used as a "classical" method of determining species, such as with Linnaeus early in evolutionary theory. However, different phenotypes are not necessarily different species (e.g. a four-winged Drosophila born to a two-winged mother is not a different species). Species named in this manner are called morphospecies. In the 1970s, Robert R. Sokal, Theo ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 31 Jan 2022 07:07:11 -0500 From: "Diabetes Reversal" Subject: Urgent news about Metformin Urgent news about Metformin http://primalpowr.co/ys51_zQ9SZRPhudhiPIm5bPtOTPFEwjkDhz6H2BhG1irEqy6pA http://primalpowr.co/VQN9VzVrDhOi4yYt63nCQk-GygsrVwxHziBAsgs0tdRgfeU84w cies is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. However, only about 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a two-part name, a "binomial". The first part of a binomial is the genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specific name or the specific epithet (in botanical nomenclature, also sometimes in zoological nomenclature). For example, Boa constrictor is one of four species of the genus Boa, with constrictor being the species's epithet. While the definitions given above may seem adequate at first glance, when looked at more closely they represent problematic species concepts. For example, the boundaries between closely related species become unclear with hybridisation, in a species complex of hundreds of similar microspecies, and in a ring species. Also, among organisms that reproduce only asexually, the concept of a reproductive species breaks down, and each clone is potentially a microspecies. Although none of these are entirely satisfactory definitions, and while the concept of species may not be a perfect model of life, it is still an incredibly useful tool to scie ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 31 Jan 2022 06:13:46 -0500 From: "Sams Club Shopper Feedback" Subject: Celebrate with a $250 Samâs Club Gift Card this Thanksgiving Celebrate with a $250 Sambs Club Gift Card this Thanksgiving http://longzila.co/nl-LaWaykDGbpq_R208rrZXoOv6-0EDbLFuEg2MUYODQ-nuY5A http://longzila.co/r81KgY7YX7gseLkEXOYUR4ncR-nOTIahqPZ_EdQddX8PY9HbXg he queen ages her pheromone output diminishes. A queen bee that becomes old, or is diseased or failing, is replaced by the workers in a procedure known as "supersedure". Supersedure may be forced by a beekeeper, for example by clipping off one of the queen's middle or posterior legs. This makes her unable to properly place her eggs at the bottom of the brood cell; the workers detect this and then rear replacement queens. When a new queen becomes available, the workers kill the reigning queen by "balling" her, clustering tightly around her. Death through balling is accomplished by surrounding the queen and raising her body temperature, causing her to overheat and die. Balling is often a problem for beekeepers attempting to introduce a replacement queen. If a queen suddenly dies, the workers will attempt to create an "emergency queen" by selecting several brood cells where a larva has just emerged which are then flooded with royal jelly. The worker bees then build larger queen cells over the normal-sized worker cells which protrude vertically from the face of the brood comb. Emergency queens are usually smaller and less prolific than normal quee ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 31 Jan 2022 04:15:39 -0500 From: "Verizon Reward Feedback" Subject: Confirmed: Your Fifty Dollar Verizon Reward Confirmed: Your Fifty Dollar Verizon Reward http://prosurveys.co/VII0nK9v6xRyeAfQpr8007OzZEUgAnqbOhk0_WT-DgFJ-JyLsQ http://prosurveys.co/AlfaihMmjzaHqXfzAZW5HR92p1BCVLgLFof1Fg1bcRjDVyKn9g However, a genus in one kingdom is allowed to bear a scientific name that is in use as a generic name (or the name of a taxon in another rank) in a kingdom that is governed by a different nomenclature code. Names with the same form but applying to different taxa are called "homonyms". Although this is discouraged by both the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, there are some five thousand such names in use in more than one kingdom. For instance, Anura is the name of the order of frogs but also is the name of a non-current genus of plants; Aotus is the generic name of both golden peas and night monkeys; Oenanthe is the generic name of both wheatears and water dropworts; Prunella is the generic name of both accentors and self-heal; and Proboscidea is the order of elephants and the genus of devil's claws. The name of the genus Paramecia (an extinct red alga) is also the plural of the name of the genus Paramecium (which is in the SAR supergroup), which can also lead to confusion ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 31 Jan 2022 02:59:51 -0500 From: "Thank You Home Depot" Subject: Leave your feedback and you could WIN! Leave your feedback and you could WIN! http://bloodpressurez.co/rKs4h5mf4RBwYdQQvOU1QFdzm1vcLJRL6j43p4MTo-9OWQpzOQ http://bloodpressurez.co/E2wk10AmcRZWToOoxhWwEhwEp_ONbgsqwHQRHxxBjBd1BahMnA ost of the interior of the leaf between the upper and lower layers of epidermis is a parenchyma (ground tissue) or chlorenchyma tissue called the mesophyll (Greek for "middle leaf"). This assimilation tissue is the primary location of photosynthesis in the plant. The products of photosynthesis are called "assimilates". In ferns and most flowering plants, the mesophyll is divided into two layers: An upper palisade layer of vertically elongated cells, one to two cells thick, directly beneath the adaxial epidermis, with intercellular air spaces between them. Its cells contain many more chloroplasts than the spongy layer. Cylindrical cells, with the chloroplasts close to the walls of the cell, can take optimal advantage of light. The slight separation of the cells provides maximum absorption of carbon dioxide. Sun leaves have a multi-layered palisade layer, while shade leaves or older leaves closer to the soil are single-layered. Beneath the palisade layer is the spongy layer. The cells of the spongy layer are more branched and not so tightly packed, so that there are large intercellular air spaces between them. The pores or stomata of the epidermis open into substomatal chambers, which are connected to the intercellular air spaces between the spongy and palisade mesophyll cell, so that oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapor can diffuse into and out of the leaf and access the mesophyll cells during respiration, photosynthesis and transpiration. Leaves are normally green, due to chlorophyll in chloroplasts in the mesophyll cells. Plants that lack chlorophyll cannot photosynthesize. Vascular tissue The veins of a bramble leaf The veins are the vascular tissue of the leaf and are located in the spongy layer of the mesophyll. The pattern of the veins is called venation. In angiosperms the venation is typically parallel in monocotyledons and forms an interco ------------------------------ Date: Sun, 30 Jan 2022 04:56:05 -0500 From: "Mass Death Event" Subject: Mass Death in TX - Could This Have Stopped It? Mass Death in TX - Could This Have Stopped It? http://potencyvator.co/qWGdDBWgU9IhvyR8vgD8wF5b2LUxMfm_PPrOb8wKz3LUDIAq7g http://potencyvator.co/Y8DZbv9kdM1cD3Iy6sH6s1Rl2rOHqk0iA8rMHtSCYu5RW3RowQ ate to a state convention to discuss possible revisions to the United States Constitution. In the next two years, he served as a delegate to a state constitutional convention and won election to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. As a public official, he aligned with Anti-Federalists and spent much of his time in the state and national capital of Philadelphia. His service on the Ways and Means Committee earned him a strong reputation as an expert in finance and taxation. Gallatin won election to the United States Senate in early 1793, and he took his seat in December of that year. He quickly emerged as a prominent opponent of Alexander Hamilton's economic program, but was declared ineligible for a seat in the Senate in February 1794 because he had not been a citizen for the required nine years prior to election. The dispute itself had important ramifications. At the time, the Senate held closed sessions. However, with the American Revolution only a decade ended, the senators were leery of anything which might hint that they intended to establish an aristocracy, so they opened up their chamber for the first time for the debate over whether to unseat Gallatin. Soon after, open sessions became standard procedure for the Senate. Whiskey Rebellion Gallatin had strongly opposed the 1791 establishment of an excise tax on whiskey, as whiskey trade and production constituted an important part of the Western economy. In 1794, after Gallatin had been removed from the Senate and returned to Friendship Hill, the Whiskey Rebellion broke out among disgruntled farmers opposed to the federal collection of the whiskey tax. Gallatin did not join in the rebellion, but criticized the military response of the President George Washington's administration as an overreaction. Gallatin helped persuade many of the angered farmers to end the rebellion, urging them to accept that "if any one part of the Union are suffered to oppose by force the determination of the whole, there is an end to government itself and of course to the Union." The rebellion collapsed as the army moved near, and there was no fighting.[citation needed] House of Representatives In the aftermath of the Whiskey Rebellion, Gallatin won electi ------------------------------ End of alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #8407 **********************************************