From: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org (alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest) To: ammf-digest@smoe.org Subject: alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #8301 Reply-To: ammf@fruvous.com Sender: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Errors-To: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Precedence: bulk alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest Sunday, January 16 2022 Volume 14 : Number 8301 Today's Subjects: ----------------- BONUS: $100 KROGER Gift Card Opportunity ["Kroger Gift Opportunity" ] You could connect with local matches now ["Senior Singles Near You" Subject: BONUS: $100 KROGER Gift Card Opportunity BONUS: $100 KROGER Gift Card Opportunity http://smartsqribble.co/9IcdF1ufyi1qkdfKLCgvUKEUoGeVzlYhib8jSEFqu3gEdoxWlw http://smartsqribble.co/bjdwsrhk63SagNpFj2tlWf6UQcgBYFunigt8bXTBYg1y-YReGQ edation is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey. It is one of a family of common feeding behaviours that includes parasitism and micropredation (which usually do not kill the host) and parasitoidism (which always does, eventually). It is distinct from scavenging on dead prey, though many predators also scavenge; it overlaps with herbivory, as seed predators and destructive frugivores are predators. Predators may actively search for or pursue prey or wait for it, often concealed. When prey is detected, the predator assesses whether to attack it. This may involve ambush or pursuit predation, sometimes after stalking the prey. If the attack is successful, the predator kills the prey, removes any inedible parts like the shell or spines, and eats it. Predators are adapted and often highly specialized for hunting, with acute senses such as vision, hearing, or smell. Many predatory animals, both vertebrate and invertebrate, have sharp claws or jaws to grip, kill, and cut up their prey. Other adaptations include stealth and aggressive mimicry that improve hunting efficiency. st basic level, predators kill and eat other organisms. However, the concept of predation is broad, defined differently in different contexts, and includes a wide variety of feeding methods; and some relationships that result in the prey's death are not generally called predation. A parasitoid, such as an ichneumon wasp, lays its eg Predation has a powerful selective effect on prey, and the prey develop antipredator adaptations such as warning coloration, alarm calls and other signals, camouflage, mimicry of well-defended species, and defensive spines and chemicals. Sometimes predator and prey find themselves in an evolutionary arms race, a cycle of adaptations and counter-adaptations. Predation has been a major driver of evolution since at lea ------------------------------ Date: Sun, 16 Jan 2022 04:53:01 -0500 From: "Premium Protein" Subject: Perfect for supporting your energy, metabolism, recovery from exercise Perfect for supporting your energy, metabolism, recovery from exercise http://snorefhade.us/W7NdPIvv8MUP86X2egElN7bfuSJi3R1kJlhDL3H44YrE3PvQwA http://snorefhade.us/isgqZ9exQwVbUOKXeKzGkLXFQYOp1rF33ESnwqx99scV8rxPFQ rsuit predation, predators chase fleeing prey. If the prey flees in a straight line, capture depends only on the predator's being faster than the prey. If the prey manoeuvres by turning as it flees, the predator must react in real time to calculate and follow a new intercept path, such as by parallel navigation, as it closes on the prey. Many pursuit predators use camouflage to approach the prey as close as possible unobserved (stalking) before starting the pursuit. Pursuit predators include terrestrial mammals such as humans, African wild dogs, spotted hyenas and wolves; marine predators such as dolphins, orcas and many predatory fishes, such as tuna; predatory birds (raptors) such as falcons; and insects such as dragonflies. An extreme form of pursuit is endurance or persistence hunting, in which the predator tires out the prey by following it over a long distance, sometimes for hours at a time. The method is used by human hunter-gatherers and by canids such as African wild dogs and domestic hounds. The African wild dog is an extreme persistence predator, tiring out individual prey by following them for many miles at relatively low speed. A specialised form of pursuit predation is the lunge feeding of baleen whales. These very large marine predators feed on plankton, especially krill, diving and actively swimming into concentrations of plankton, and then taking a huge gulp of water and filterin ------------------------------ Date: Sun, 16 Jan 2022 04:48:37 -0500 From: "Bank Of America Shopper Feedback" Subject: Leave your feedback and you could WIN! Leave your feedback and you could WIN! http://antennaology.co/ZxTRQ43rh7wD_XSwxletN89vd5e72Zxc88kieGtdRSF5xaVNbA http://antennaology.co/7jBHWVn0xuJeuzh13B9NzZ2sdPAshUD0ah6EdWa6UArcNsscVw dators of different species sometimes cooperate to catch prey. In coral reefs, when fish such as the grouper and coral trout spot prey that is inaccessible to them, they signal to giant moray eels, Napoleon wrasses or octopuses. These predators are able to access small crevices and flush out the prey. Killer whales have been known to help whalers hunt baleen whales. Social hunting allows predators to tackle a wider range of prey, but at the risk of competition for the captured food. Solitary predators have more chance of eating what they catch, at the price of increased expenditure of energy to catch it, and increased risk that the prey will escape. Ambush predators are often solitary to reduce the risk of becoming prey themselves. Of 245 terrestrial members of the Carnivora (the group that includes the cats, dogs, and bears), 177 are solitary; and 35 of the 37 wild cats are solitary, including the cougar and cheetah. However, the solitary cougar does allow other cougars to share in a kill, and the coyote can be either solitary or social. Other solitary predators include the northern pike, wolf spiders and all the thousands of species of solitary wasps among arthropods, and many microorganisms and zooplankton. Specialization Physical adaptations Under the pressure of natural selection, predators have evolved a variety of physical adaptations for detecting, catching, killing, and digesting prey. These include speed, agility, stealth, sharp senses, claws, teeth, filters, and suitable digestive systems. For detecting prey, predators have well-developed vision, smell, or hearing. Predators as diverse as owls and jumping spiders have forward-facing eyes, providing accurate binocular vision over a relatively narrow field of view, whereas prey animals often have less acute all-round vision. Animals such as foxes can smell their prey even when it is concealed under 2 feet (60 cm) of snow or earth. Many pred ------------------------------ Date: Sun, 16 Jan 2022 03:06:42 -0500 From: "Consumer Savings" Subject: YOU WON! YOU WON! http://ultraboostz.co/qmdeDroT2B-Q4RUQOW2N4_BhVe9_GfXmKdgqGgcaIh4fB7jdqQ http://ultraboostz.co/boPJSEgcQ6Ew2i6PI3AVqXTvSba9yE3yy9A_NlFpC3vtAxxGVw any species of tortoises are sexually dimorphic, though the differences between males and females vary from species to species. In some species, males have a longer, more protruding neck plate than their female counterparts, while in others, the claws are longer on the females. The male plastron is curved inwards to aid reproduction. The easiest way to determine the sex of a tortoise is to look at the tail. The females, as a general rule, have smaller tails, dropped down, whereas the males have much longer tails which are usually pulled up and to the side of the rear shell. Brain The brain of a tortoise is extremely small. Red-footed tortoises, from Central and South America, do not have an area in the brain called the hippocampus, which relates to emotion, learning, memory and spatial navigation. Studies have shown that red-footed tortoises may rely on an area of the brain called the medial cortex for emotional actions, an area that humans use for actions such as decision making. In the 17th century, Francesco Redi performed an experiment that involved removing the brain of a land tortoise, which then proceeded to live six months. Freshwater tortoises, when subjected to the same experiment, continued similarly, but did not live so long. Redi also cut the head off a tortoise entirely, and it lived for 23 days. Distribution Tortoises are found from southern North America to southern South America, around the Mediterranean basin, across Eurasia to Southeast Asia, in sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, and some Pacific islands. They are absent from Australasia. They live in div ------------------------------ Date: Sun, 16 Jan 2022 04:01:42 -0500 From: "Senior Singles Near You" Subject: You could connect with local matches now You could connect with local matches now http://ultraboostz.co/UeRCmUJKN-tsnK-k2BC6B-MM-1j0VfviaOMFuPLi9m889prTOg http://ultraboostz.co/q7jW9SYZ8alKkry_CHgWb5NvRz92prJF_EzxqfgP3oPmRoNEfw ll this a form of parasitism, though conventionally parasites are thought not to kill their hosts. A predator can be defined to differ from a parasitoid in that it has many prey, captured over its lifetime, where a parasitoid's larva has just one, or at least has its food supply provisioned for it on just one occasion. Relation of predation to other feeding strategies There are other difficult and borderline cases. Micropredators are small animals that, like predators, feed entirely on other organisms; they include fleas and mosquitoes that consume blood from living animals, and aphids that consume sap from living plants. However, since they typically do not kill their hosts, they are now often thought of as parasites. Animals that graze on phytoplankton or mats of microbes are predators, as they consume and kill their food organisms; but herbivores that browse leaves are not, as their food plants usually survive the assault. When animals eat seeds (seed predation or granivory) or eggs (egg predation), they are consuming entire living organisms, which by definition makes them predators. Scavengers, organisms that only eat organisms found already dead, are not predators, but many predators such as the jackal and the hyena scavenge when the opportunity arises. Among invertebrates, social wasps (yellowjackets) are both hunters and scavengers of other insec ------------------------------ Date: Sat, 15 Jan 2022 05:05:19 -0500 From: "Diabetes Reversal" Subject: Urgent news about Metformin Urgent news about Metformin http://goldenballz.biz/Ekmwl6H7xvZMfCmgekmCb8VxXppKCBLEg-VkvGwM8nh_3RE6tQ http://goldenballz.biz/ZLd2tmV3fgOgBMRYJ2PThAbBoyy2cRLP04tpGHJQBJV4XRGMNw rtebrates originated about 525 million years ago during the Cambrian explosion, which saw a rise in organism diversity. The earliest known vertebrate is believed to be Myllokunmingia. One of many early vertebrates are Haikouichthys ercaicunensis. Unlike the other fauna that dominated the Cambrian, these groups had the basic vertebrate body plan: a notochord, rudimentary vertebrae, and a well-defined head and tail. All of these early vertebrates lacked jaws in the common sense and relied on filter feeding close to the seabed.[page needed] A vertebrate group of uncertain phylogeny, small eel-like conodonts, are known from microfossils of their paired tooth segments from the late Cambrian to the end of the Triassic. From fish to amphibians Acanthostega, a fish-like early labyrinthodont. The first jawed vertebrates may have appeared in the late Ordovician (~450 mya) and became common in the Devonian, often known as the "Age of Fishes". The two groups of bony fishes, the actinopterygii and sarcopterygii, evolved and became common. The Devonian also saw the demise of virtually all jawless fishes save for lampreys and hagfish, as well as the Placodermi, a group of armoured fish that dominated the entirety of that period since the late Silurian. The Devonian also saw the rise of the first labyrinthodonts, which was a transitional form between fishes and amphibians. Mesozoic vertebrates Amniotes branched from labyrinthodonts in the subsequent Carboniferous period. The Parareptilia and synapsid amniotes were common during the late Paleozoic, while diapsids became dominant during the Mesozoic. In the sea, the bony fishes became dominant. Birds, a derived form of dinosaur, evolved in the Jurassic. The demise of the non-avian dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous allowe ------------------------------ Date: Sun, 16 Jan 2022 03:58:50 -0500 From: "New Tactical Holster" Subject: Header: Your Order Will Be Cancelled Tonight Header: Your Order Will Be Cancelled Tonight http://smartsqribble.co/Mqa7yOdYTpQO4l4YtyD440iwXKPKREdNryFIOPvySrCXWZURww http://smartsqribble.co/cK3td8lKoZdNAz2qSCo08_vYbb29Op8Hbh7cScbYfjsCoHT6pQ ile examples of predators among mammals and birds are well known, predators can be found in a broad range of taxa including arthropods. They are common among insects, including mantids, dragonflies, lacewings and scorpionflies. In some species such as the alderfly, only the larvae are predatory (the adults do not eat). Spiders are predatory, as well as other terrestrial invertebrates such as scorpions; centipedes; some mites, snails and slugs; nematodes; and planarian worms. In marine environments, most cnidarians (e.g., jellyfish, hydroids), ctenophora (comb jellies), echinoderms (e.g., sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers) and flatworms are predatory. Among crustaceans, lobsters, crabs, shrimps and barnacles are predators, and in turn crustaceans are preyed on by nearly all cephalopods (including octopuses, squid and cuttlefish). nts varies greatly but often involves a food trap, mechanical stimulation, and electrical impulses to eventually catch and consume its prey. Some carnivorous fungi catch nematodes using either active traps in the form of constricting rings, or passive traps with adhesive structures. Many species of protozoa (eukaryotes) and bacteria (prokaryotes) prey on other microorganisms; the feeding mode is evidently ancient, and evolved many times in both gro Paramecium, a predatory ciliate, feeding on bacteria Seed predation is restricted to mammals, birds, and insects but is found in almost all terrestrial ecosystems. Egg predation includes both specialist egg predators such as some colubrid snakes and generalists such as foxes and badgers that opportunistically take eggs when they find them. Some plants, like the pitcher plant, the Venus fly trap and the sundew, are car ------------------------------ Date: Sun, 16 Jan 2022 05:51:47 -0500 From: "Solar Solutions" Subject: BREAKING NEWS: Trick to reduce your electric bill! BREAKING NEWS: Trick to reduce your electric bill! http://snorefhade.us/taKdQvO_eUbpXjgffb90tDTygZmsThO0CPCB0-iveNfPkyHfQA http://snorefhade.us/g5kDNlnLrkssT6Bosv_os8VC54GnZ1NkUiyPQu1a5KtNvJEKFg ted, a pursuit that can take up to five hours. In biological pest control, predators (and parasitoids) from a pest's natural range are introduced to control populations, at the risk of causing unforeseen problems. Natural predators, provided they do no harm to non-pest species, are an environmentally friendly and sustainable way of reducing damage to crops and an alternative to the use of chemical agents such as pesticides. Symbolic uses The Capitoline Wolf suckling Romulus and Remus, the mythical founders of Rome In film, the idea of the predator as a dangerous if humanoid enemy is used in the 1987 science fiction horror action film Predator and its three sequels. A terrifying predator, a gigantic man-eating great white shark, is central, too, to Steven Spielberg's 1974 thriller Jaws. Among poetry on the theme of predation, a predator's consciousness might be explored, such as in Ted Hughes's Pike. The phrase "Nature, red in tooth and claw" from Alfred, Lord Tennyson's 1849 poem "In Memoriam A.H.H." has been interpreted as referring to the struggle between predators and prey. In mythology and folk fable, predators such as the fox and wolf have mixed reputations. The fox was a symbol of fertility in ancient Greece, but a weather demon in northern Europe, and a creature of the devil in early Christianity; the fox is presented as sly, greedy, and cunning in fables from Aesop onwards. The big bad wolf is known to children in tales such as Little Red Riding Hood, but is a demonic figure in the Icelandic Edda sagas, where the wolf Fenrir appears in the apoc ------------------------------ End of alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #8301 **********************************************