From: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org (alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest) To: ammf-digest@smoe.org Subject: alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #8258 Reply-To: ammf@fruvous.com Sender: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Errors-To: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Precedence: bulk alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest Tuesday, January 11 2022 Volume 14 : Number 8258 Today's Subjects: ----------------- Get-a-chance-to-win-exclusive-reward ["Thank You Home Depot" Subject: Get-a-chance-to-win-exclusive-reward Get-a-chance-to-win-exclusive-reward http://wifibuds.us/yMDACJyNI0B-AFEqUOrq63yAYNmYsJNop3n67hUhgAIMZh_lTA http://wifibuds.us/OgSz6Ag3nkZTn1QE7HMLEjXn1Mf5uPyalBHvi9i-8WxIwz92hg ost of the interior of the leaf between the upper and lower layers of epidermis is a parenchyma (ground tissue) or chlorenchyma tissue called the mesophyll (Greek for "middle leaf"). This assimilation tissue is the primary location of photosynthesis in the plant. The products of photosynthesis are called "assimilates". In ferns and most flowering plants, the mesophyll is divided into two layers: An upper palisade layer of vertically elongated cells, one to two cells thick, directly beneath the adaxial epidermis, with intercellular air spaces between them. Its cells contain many more chloroplasts than the spongy layer. Cylindrical cells, with the chloroplasts close to the walls of the cell, can take optimal advantage of light. The slight separation of the cells provides maximum absorption of carbon dioxide. Sun leaves have a multi-layered palisade layer, while shade leaves or older leaves closer to the soil are single-layered. Beneath the palisade layer is the spongy layer. The cells of the spongy layer are more branched and not so tightly packed, so that there are large intercellular air spaces between them. The pores or stomata of the epidermis open into substomatal chambers, which are connected to the intercellular air spaces between the spongy and palisade mesophyll cell, so that oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapor can diffuse into and out of the leaf and access the mesophyll cells during respiration, photosynthesis and transpiration. Leaves are normally green, due to chlorophyll in chloroplasts in the mesophyll cells. Plants that lack chlorophyll cannot photosynthesize. Vascular tissue The veins of a bramble leaf The veins are the vascular tissue of the leaf and are located in the spongy layer of the mesophyll. The pattern of the veins is called venation. In angiosperms the venation is typically parallel in monocotyledons and forms an interco ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 11 Jan 2022 02:35:07 -0500 From: "Rachel" Subject: Congratulations! You can get a $100 Paypal gift card! Congratulations! You can get a $100 Paypal gift card! http://surveybuds.us/szEFcMZsRYobISN_uC7t1boRcwT5A8Mbl3zDP40GZLJIwJIHPQ http://surveybuds.us/0LKmYH2qUQaYLNNIZlbhAu3POzJy29GeTU_lejdKGMwrCJ9Ktw izontal dorsiventral leaves as seedlings, when their growth is limited by the available light. Other factors include the need to balance water loss at high temperature and low humidity against the need to absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide. In most plants, leaves also are the primary organs responsible for transpiration and guttation (beads of fluid forming at leaf margins). Leaves can also store food and water, and are modified accordingly to meet these functions, for example in the leaves of succulent plants and in bulb scales. The concentration of photosynthetic structures in leaves requires that they be richer in protein, minerals, and sugars than, say, woody stem tissues. Accordingly, leaves are prominent in the diet of many animals. A leaf shed in autumn. Correspondingly, leaves represent heavy investment on the part of the plants bearing them, and their retention or disposition are the subject of elaborate strategies for dealing with pest pressures, seasonal conditions, and protective measures such as the growth of thorns and the production of phytoliths, lignins, tannins and poisons. Deciduous plants in frigid or cold temperate regions typically shed their leaves in autumn, whereas in areas with a severe dry season, some plants may shed their leaves until the dry season ends. In either case, the shed leaves may be expected to contribute their retained nutrients to the soil where they fall. In contrast, many other non-seasonal plants, such as palms and conifers, retain their leaves for long periods; Welwitschia retains its two main leaves throughout a lifetime that may exceed a thousand years. The leaf-like organs of bryophytes (e.g., mosses and liverworts), known as phyllids, differ morphologically from the leaves of vascular plants in that they lack vascular tissue, are usually only a single cell thick, and have no cuticle stomata or internal system of intercellular spaces. The leaves of bryophytes are only present on the gametophytes, while in contra ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 10 Jan 2022 08:14:02 -0500 From: "Car Battery Died?" Subject: Save Thousands Of Dollars On The Cost Of Batteries Over Your Lifetime Save Thousands Of Dollars On The Cost Of Batteries Over Your Lifetime http://purelean.biz/1PwyaKV63ZG3RnuKEbCQBwvjMde4Yw-8LzYxen7RrQVGvE8r http://purelean.biz/kE9rnXqDIksTVvX3G5Z_b4fx4rFXQTBhcEJJcjLOm_GZKTc ested the Ediacaran sees animals usurping giant protists as the dominant life form. The modern xenophyophores are giant single-celled protozoans found throughout the world's oceans, largely on the abyssal plain. A recent genetic study suggested that the xenophyophores are a specialised group of Foraminifera. There are approximately 42 recognised species in 13 genera and 2 orders; one of which, Syringammina fragilissima, is among the largest known protozoans at up to 20 centimetres in diameter. New phylum Seilacher has suggested that the Ediacaran organisms represented a unique and extinct grouping of related forms descended from a common ancestor (clade) and created the kingdom Vendozoa, named after the now-obsolete Vendian era. He later excluded fossils identified as metazoans and relaunched the phylum "Vendobionta". He described the Vendobionta as quilted cnidarians lacking stinging cells. This absence precludes the current cnidarian method of feeding, so Seilacher suggested that the organisms may have survived by symbiosis with photosynthetic or chemoautotrophic organisms. Mark McMenamin saw such feeding strategies as characteristic for the entire biota, and referred to the marine biota of this period as a "Garden of Ediacara". Lichen hypothesis Thin sections and substrates of a variety of Ediacaran fossils A modern lichen, Hypogymnia Greg Retallack's hypothesis that Ediacaran organisms were lichens has been controversial. He argues that the fossils are not as squashed as known fossil jellyfish, and their relief is closer to compressed woody branches whose compa ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 10 Jan 2022 05:26:54 -0500 From: "Coverlastic-Sofa" Subject: Make Christmas Magical with a Letter from Santa! Make Christmas Magical with a Letter from Santa! http://rapidguard.us/6qkTN1Z5MN50RF5OhKMPobeyCh9r6EKa1QpxXvR_Be2NIlYAVA http://rapidguard.us/5I7a9PVzQc78aMontcTjnxhmGSZj6l459H0CL7-jkwrL0mGgOA veral studies of feather development in the embryos of modern birds, coupled with the distribution of feather types among various prehistoric bird precursors, have allowed scientists to attempt a reconstruction of the sequence in which feathers first evolved and developed into the types found on modern birds. Feather evolution was broken down into the following stages by Xu and Guo in 2009: Single filament Multiple filaments joined at their base Multiple filaments joined at their base to a central filament Multiple filaments along the length of a central filament Multiple filaments arising from the edge of a membranous structure Pennaceous feather with vane of barbs and barbules and central rachis Pennaceous feather with an asymmetrical rachis Undifferentiated vane with central rachis However, Foth (2011) showed that some of these purported stages (stages 2 and 5 in particular) are likely simply artifacts of preservation caused by the way fossil feathers are crushed and the feather remains or imprints are preserved. Foth re-interpreted stage 2 feathers as crushed or misidentified feathers of at least stage 3, and stage 5 feathers as crushed stage 6 feathers. The following simplified diagram of dinosaur relationships follows these results, and shows the likely distribution of plumaceous (downy) and pennaceous (vaned) feathers among dinosaurs and prehistoric birds. The diagram follows one presented by Xu and Guo (2009) modified with the findings of Foth (2011) and Qiang et al. 2016. The numbers accompanying each name refer to the presence of specific feather stages. Note that 's' indicates the known presence of scales on the bod ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 10 Jan 2022 07:40:00 -0500 From: "Chronic Arthritis" Subject: Damaged Nerve Tissue Linked To Joint Pain Damaged Nerve Tissue Linked To Joint Pain http://purelean.biz/peZkqp1Yy_ZCg-emK8eqvKUppK34tioouuPhdOM8q_TuBMGjtw http://purelean.biz/RWaYraW20NKI7YYVmJqMIuqdJTSzgUr2Bwydb2gmnHf9fvGd0g th the exception of some very simple vertical burrows the only Ediacaran burrows are horizontal, lying on or just below the surface of the seafloor. Such burrows have been taken to imply the presence of motile organisms with heads, which would probably have had a bilateral symmetry. This could place them in the bilateral clade of animals but they could also have been made by simpler organisms feeding as they slowly rolled along the sea floor. Putative "burrows" dating as far back as 1,100 million years may have been made by animals that fed on the undersides of microbial mats, which would have shielded them from a chemically unpleasant ocean; however their uneven width and tapering ends make a biological origin so difficult to defend that even the original proponent no longer believes they are authentic. The burrows observed imply simple behaviour, and the complex efficient feeding traces common from the start of the Cambrian are absent. Some Ediacaran fossils, especially discs, have been interpreted tentatively as trace fossils but this hypothesis has not gained widespread acceptance. As well as burrows, some trace fossils have been found directly associated with an Ediacaran fossil. Yorgia and Dickinsonia are often found at the end of long pathways of trace fossils matching their shape; these fossils are thought to be associated with ciliary feeding but the precise method of formation of these disconnected and overlapping fossils largely remains a mystery. The potential mollusc Kimberella is associated with scratch marks, perhaps formed by a radula. Classification and interpretation Classification of the Ediacarans is difficult, and hence a variety of theories exist as to their placement on the tree of life. Martin Glaessner proposed in The Dawn of Animal Life (1984) that the Ediacara ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 11 Jan 2022 04:40:17 -0500 From: "FedEx Opinion Requested" Subject: Congratulations! You can get a $50 FedEx gift card! Congratulations! You can get a $50 FedEx gift card! http://melliwood.us/9Ck84579_6X14RZGXP2q8p7dbv-rmcxNF1qdVCmTehoLKHed_g http://melliwood.us/xAsZ4eTz2ivJuXbkXI4QeKiI3jwSBaa6V1ogVIgykDxJoIY7Ww ter layer of cells covering the leaf. It is covered with a waxy cuticle which is impermeable to liquid water and water vapor and forms the boundary separating the plant's inner cells from the external world. The cuticle is in some cases thinner on the lower epidermis than on the upper epidermis, and is generally thicker on leaves from dry climates as compared with those from wet climates. The epidermis serves several functions: protection against water loss by way of transpiration, regulation of gas exchange and secretion of metabolic compounds. Most leaves show dorsoventral anatomy: The upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) surfaces have somewhat different construction and may serve different functions. The epidermis tissue includes several differentiated cell types; epidermal cells, epidermal hair cells (trichomes), cells in the stomatal complex; guard cells and subsidiary cells. The epidermal cells are the most numerous, largest, and least specialized and form the majority of the epidermis. They are typically more elongated in the leaves of monocots than in those of dicots. Chloroplasts are generally absent in epidermal cells, the exception being the guard cells of the stomata. The stomatal pores perforate the epidermis and are surrounded on each side by chloroplast-containing guard cells, and two to four subsidiary cells that lack chloroplasts, forming a specialized cell group known as the stomatal complex. The opening and closing of the stomatal aperture is controlled by the stomatal complex and regulates the exchange of gases and water vapor between the outside air and the interior of the leaf. Stomata therefore play the important role in allowing photosynthesis without letting the leaf dry out. In a typical leaf, the stomata are more numerous over the abaxial (lower) epidermis than the adaxial (upper) epidermis and are more num ------------------------------ End of alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #8258 **********************************************