From: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org (alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest) To: ammf-digest@smoe.org Subject: alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #7747 Reply-To: ammf@fruvous.com Sender: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Errors-To: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Precedence: bulk alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest Sunday, October 31 2021 Volume 14 : Number 7747 Today's Subjects: ----------------- Install Solar Energy w/ $0 Out of Pocket Costs ["Solar Power" ] Are you getting the FULL story on the vaccine? ["Big Vaccine Fact" ] ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Sun, 31 Oct 2021 04:33:47 -0400 From: "Solar Power" Subject: Install Solar Energy w/ $0 Out of Pocket Costs Install Solar Energy w/ $0 Out of Pocket Costs http://prayermiracle.us/uwuLAPhZXXvlWnoOUVQ-1eKbfsh_VpG73NMA4QFMmalbeBI8NA http://prayermiracle.us/x0wLJfyLrKrcRA1FQCyEn0jVXhAAhX5RVXZGUDh96DlhEtRYYA cient history of black pepper is often interlinked with (and confused with) that of long pepper, the dried fruit of closely related Piper longum. The Romans knew of both and often referred to either as just piper. In fact, the popularity of long pepper did not entirely decline until the discovery of the New World and of chili peppers. Chili peppersbsome of which, when dried, are similar in shape and taste to long pepperbwere easier to grow in a variety of locations more convenient to Europe. Peppercorn close-up Before the 16th century, pepper was being grown in Java, Sunda, Sumatra, Madagascar, Malaysia, and everywhere in Southeast Asia. These areas traded mainly with China, or used the pepper locally. Ports in the Malabar area also served as a stop-off point for much of the trade in other spices from farther east in the Indian Ocean. Ancient times Black peppercorns were found stuffed in the nostrils of Ramesses II, placed there as part of the mummification rituals shortly after his death in 1213 BCE. Little else is known about the use of pepper in ancient Egypt and how it reached the Nile from South Asia. Pepper (both long and black) was known in Greece at least as early as the fourth century BCE, though it was probably an uncommon and expensive item that only the very rich could afford. A Roman-era trade route from India to Italy By the time of the early Roman Empire, especially after Rome's conquest of Egypt in 30 BCE, open-ocean crossing of the Arabian Sea direct to Chera dynasty southern India's Malabar Coast was near routine. Details of this trading across the Indian Ocean have been passed down in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. According to the Greek geographer Strabo, the early empire sent a fleet of around 120 ships on an annual trip to India and back. The fleet timed its travel across the Arabian Sea to take advantage of the predictable monsoon winds. Returning from India, the ships travelled up the Red Sea, from where the cargo was carried overland or via the Nile-Red Sea canal to the Nile River, barged to Alexandria, and shipped from there to Italy and Rome. The rough geographical outlines of this same trade route would dominate the pepper trade into Europe for a millennium and a half to co ------------------------------ Date: Sun, 31 Oct 2021 07:45:35 -0400 From: "New-Aged Device" Subject: Does your dog misbehave? Does your dog misbehave? http://thyroidery.co/dCW_zdJlwjo6S-VByfFG_QuXvVoJLYbt65UP2g3xKmwM09xauw_406f http://thyroidery.co/w3Yv_4vtDF7Uzf3Z7fBovkmZsBTCEAI59mjc1M3bS3sZYNJTSA_406f ack pepper was a well-known and widespread, if expensive, seasoning in the Roman Empire. Apicius' De re coquinaria, a third-century cookbook probably based at least partly on one from the first century CE, includes pepper in a majority of its recipes. Edward Gibbon wrote, in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, that pepper was "a favorite ingredient of the most expensive Roman cookery". Postclassical Europe Pepper was so valuable that it was often used as collateral or even currency. The taste for pepper (or the appreciation of its monetary value) was passed on to those who would see Rome fall. Alaric, king of the Visigoths, included 3,000 pounds of pepper as part of the ransom he demanded from Rome when he besieged the city in the fifth century. After the fall of Rome, others took over the middle legs of the spice trade, first the Persians and then the Arabs; Innes Miller cites the account of Cosmas Indicopleustes, who travelled east to India, as proof that "pepper was still being exported from India in the sixth century". By the end of the Early Middle Ages, the central portions of the spice trade were firmly under Islamic control. Once into the Mediterranean, the trade was largely monopolized by Italian powers, especially Venice and Genoa. The rise of these city-states was funded in large part by the spice trade. A riddle authored by Saint Aldhelm, a seventh-century Bishop of Sherborne, sheds some light on black pepper's role in England at that time: I am black on the outside, clad in a wrinkled cover, Yet within I bear a burning marrow. I season delicacies, the banquets of kings, and the luxuries of the table, Both the sauces and the tenderized meats of the kitchen. But you will find in me no quality of any worth, Unless your bowels have been rattled by my gleaming marrow. It is commonly believed that during the Middle Ages, pepper was often used to conceal the taste of partially rotten meat. No evidence supports this claim, and historians view it as highly unlikely; in the Middle Ages, pepper was a luxury item, affordable only to the wealthy, who certainly had unspoiled meat available, as well. In addition, people of the time certainly knew that eating spoiled food would make them sick. Similarly, the belief that pepper was widely used as a preservative is questionable; it is true that piperine, the compound that gives pepper its spiciness, has some antimicrobial properties, but at the concentrations present when pepper is used as a spice, the effect is sma ------------------------------ Date: Sun, 31 Oct 2021 06:39:48 -0400 From: "Shipping Your Mojo" Subject: Your Free Gift Your Free Gift http://monsterfx.co/TZnXypXY-6qyqZx5Gh5BIqF6Wp5wXQJ8TZYCyhnXLD9OE4dWew http://monsterfx.co/kp9UGCKXqB994Zi7j4qWmlR9FyTmTn-UwXjikVzFOidMUgP_tg sible that black pepper was known in China in the second century BCE, if poetic reports regarding an explorer named Tang Meng (??) are correct. Sent by Emperor Wu to what is now south-west China, Tang Meng is said to have come across something called jujiang or "sauce-betel". He was told it came from the markets of Shu, an area in what is now the Sichuan province. The traditional view among historians is that "sauce-betel" is a sauce made from betel leaves, but arguments have been made that it actually refers to pepper, either long or black. In the third century CE, black pepper made its first definite appearance in Chinese texts, as hujiao or "foreign pepper". It does not appear to have been widely known at the time, failing to appear in a fourth-century work describing a wide variety of spices from beyond China's southern border, including long pepper. By the 12th century, however, black pepper had become a popular ingredient in the cuisine of the wealthy and powerful, sometimes taking the place of China's native Sichuan pepper (the tongue-numbing dried fruit of an unrelated plant).[citation needed] Marco Polo testifies to pepper's popularity in 13th-century China, when he relates what he is told of its consumption in the city of Kinsay (Hangzhou): "... Messer Marco heard it stated by one of the Great Kaan's officers of customs that the quantity of pepper introduced daily for consumption into the city of Kinsay amounted to 43 loads, each load being equal to 223 lbs." White pepper grains During the course of the Ming treasure voyages in the early 15th century, Admiral Zheng He and his expeditionary fleets returned with such a large amount of black pepper that the once-costly luxury became a common commo ------------------------------ Date: Sun, 31 Oct 2021 04:38:13 -0400 From: "Big Vaccine Fact" Subject: Are you getting the FULL story on the vaccine? Are you getting the FULL story on the vaccine? http://battolin.us/cxgZ3f9UNkoBWvOb6K_YqxL3rZxE69oFJJUwq3E1v2CTmFFY7w_31c0 http://battolin.us/0bPTWmSVH5x9zS3tM8BONN7_C2J0494VcxtJoy8rwxm0GxTTQw_31c0 ith ships sailing directly to the Malabar coast, Malabar black pepper was now travelling a shorter trade route than long pepper, and the prices reflected it. Pliny the Elder's Natural History tells us the prices in Rome around 77 CE: "Long pepper ... is 15 denarii per pound, while that of white pepper is seven, and of black, four." Pliny also complains, "There is no year in which India does not drain the Roman Empire of 50 million sesterces", and further moralizes on pepper: It is quite surprising that the use of pepper has come so much into fashion, seeing that in other substances which we use, it is sometimes their sweetness, and sometimes their appearance that has attracted our notice; whereas, pepper has nothing in it that can plead as a recommendation to either fruit or berry, its only desirable quality being a certain pungency; and yet it is for this that we import it all the way from India! Who was the first to make trial of it as an article of food? and who, I wonder, was the man that was not content to prepare himself by hunger only for the satisfying of a greedy appetite? b?Pliny, Natural History 12.14 He does not state whether the 50 million was the actual amount of money which found its way to India or the total retail cost of the items in Rome, and, elsewhere, he cites a figure of 100 million sesterces. Black pepper was a well-known and widespread, if expensive, seasoning in the Roman Empire. Apicius' De re coquinaria, a third-century cookbook probably based at least partly on one from the first century CE, includes pepper in a majority of its recipes. Edward Gibbon wrote, in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, that pepper was "a favorite ingredient of the most expensive Roman cookery". Postclassical Europe Pepper was so valuable that it was often used as collateral or even currency. The taste for pepp ------------------------------ Date: Sun, 31 Oct 2021 05:46:51 -0400 From: "Diabetes Reversal" Subject: Urgent news about Metformin Urgent news about Metformin http://monsterfx.co/Y0pfxsDgocbIAAIHDBkYcrQZGFpMGBiCU3ZuBQA_3484_31c0_2 http://monsterfx.co/E0lfxsDgocbIAAIHDBkYcrQZGFpMGBgc2TWUAQ_3484_31c0_14 ecially in winter. However, pepper and other spices certainly played a role in improving the taste of long-preserved meats. A depiction of Calicut, India published in 1572 during Portugal's control of the pepper trade Its exorbitant price during the Middle Ages b and the monopoly on the trade held by Italy b was one of the inducements that led the Portuguese to seek a sea route to India. In 1498, Vasco da Gama became the first person to reach India by sailing around Africa (see Age of Discovery); asked by Arabs in Calicut (who spoke Spanish and Italian) why they had come, his representative replied, "we seek Christians and spices". Though this first trip to India by way of the southern tip of Africa was only a modest success, the Portuguese quickly returned in greater numbers and eventually gained much greater control of trade on the Arabian Sea. The 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas with the Spanish granted Portugal exclusive rights to the half of the world where black pepper originated. However, the Portuguese proved unable to monopolize the spice trade. Older Arab and Venetian trade networks successfully imported enormous quantities of spices, and pepper once again flowed through Alexandria and Italy, as well as around Africa. In the 17th century, the Portuguese lost almost all of their valuable Indian Ocean trade to the Dutch and the English, who, taking advantage of the Spanish rule over Portugal during the Iberian Union (1580b1640), occupied by force almost all Portuguese interests in the area. The pepper ports of Malabar began to trade increasingly with the Dutch in the period 1661b1663. Pepper harvested for the European trade, from a manuscript Livre des merveilles de Marco Polo (The book of the marvels of Marco Polo) Pepper mill As pepper supplies into Europe increased, the price of pepper declined (though the total value of the import trade generally did not). Pepper, which in the early Middle Ages had been an item exclusively for the rich, started to become more of an everyday seasoning among those of more average means. Today, pepper accounts for one-fifth of the world's spice trade. China It is possible that black pepper was known in China in the second century BCE, if poetic reports regarding an explorer named Tang Meng (??) are correct. Sent by Emperor Wu to what is now south-west China, Tang Meng is said to have come across something called jujiang or "sauce-betel". He was told it came from the markets of Shu, an area in what is now the Sichuan province. The traditional view among historians is that "sauce-betel" is a sauce made from betel leaves, but arguments have been made that it actually refers to pepp ------------------------------ Date: Sun, 31 Oct 2021 08:56:49 -0400 From: "Cancelled" Subject: Your Amazon order (banned) Your Amazon order (banned) http://fatdenta.co/zVzPo7CLhR7mRjxKMLMKEeNHgyWjkVk9HTgV8kVvHoWtza_JIw http://fatdenta.co/r1-24jqqxGVPraqWgbrQ00cFDSpWj36UltSDEH8In6rSS5TIeg ause of this, several alternative names have been proposed. Certain departments of major universities prefer the term computing science, to emphasize precisely that difference. Danish scientist Peter Naur suggested the term datalogy, to reflect the fact that the scientific discipline revolves around data and data treatment, while not necessarily involving computers. The first scientific institution to use the term was the Department of Datalogy at the University of Copenhagen, founded in 1969, with Peter Naur being the first professor in datalogy. The term is used mainly in the Scandinavian countries. An alternative term, also proposed by Naur, is data science; this is now used for a multi-disciplinary field of data analysis, including statistics and databases. In the early days of computing, a number of terms for the practitioners of the field of computing were suggested in the Communications of the ACMbturingineer, turologist, flow-charts-man, applied meta-mathematician, and applied epistemologist. Three months later in the same journal, comptologist was suggested, followed next year by hypologist. The term computics has also been suggested. In Europe, terms derived from contracted translations of the expression "automatic information" (e.g. "informazione automatica" in Italian) or "information and mathematics" are often used, e.g. informatique (French), Informatik (German), informatica (Italian, Dutch), informC!tica (Spanish, Portuguese), informatika (Slavic languages and Hungarian) or pliroforiki (???????????, which means informatics) in Greek. Similar words have also been adopted in the UK (as in the School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh). "In the U.S., howe ------------------------------ End of alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #7747 **********************************************