From: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org (alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest) To: ammf-digest@smoe.org Subject: alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #7264 Reply-To: ammf@fruvous.com Sender: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Errors-To: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Precedence: bulk alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest Wednesday, August 18 2021 Volume 14 : Number 7264 Today's Subjects: ----------------- Congratulations! You can get a $50 UPS gift card! ["UPS Shopper Gift Oppo] Tell us about your shopping experiences and select from several offer rewards! ["Ace Hardware Feedback" Subject: Congratulations! You can get a $50 UPS gift card! Congratulations! You can get a $50 UPS gift card! http://visceraplus.us/uHEgdPOGVqDgaeX1qvRGMVMTO_Ug6uuRJ1zsTC1ORdEoKbN7 http://visceraplus.us/xMvM3SIm8y5gkjMbBnldCzf0eVbPtN3cfd4oDWXKyptm9DFC urian Republic's government was organised from the village level up, based on the legislation that came from the emancipation of the serfs. Village meetings were vested with supreme authority, and also served as a court. These meetings initially met infrequently, but by 1905 were assembling weekly. They were forums for a variety of topics, from banning expensive funerals and weddings to setting the curriculum for schools. They became increasingly political and could last for hours, even days, at a time. According to Gurian linguist Nikolai Marr, while the peasants took an active role in the meetings, the workers from the cities were largely running them. Within a village a "circle" was made, and there were on average 10 circles for 90 households. Each circle would elect a "tensman" (Georgian: ????????, atistavi) who then would select among themselves a "hundredsman" (Georgian: ????????, asistavi). They would then elect representatives for the rural society, who selected their own regional representatives. All people were expected to contribute money or labour, and Villari reported that "one sometimes saw nobles, priests, peasants, and shopkeepers all manfully doing their turn of work." These regional representatives would be the ones directly in contact with the Gurian Social Democratic Committee, established as a parallel governmental structure by the Social Democrats. Guria was divided into five regions, each led by a committee member, though the village assembly still held ultimate authority. Commissions were formed to set rent and establish grazing rights on confiscated land. In charge of the committee was Benia Chkhikvishvili, who was variously referred to as the "Gurian President" or the "Gurian King." According to Jones, "in all the meetings there was no sign of nationalism or anti-Russian feeling", as Russia was seen as a protector against a possible invasion from the neighbouring Ottoman Empire. The decision to have two systems like this caused tension between the groups: the Social Democrats did not want to lose focus on their class struggles, while the peasants were angry at being excluded from the party. This was part of the larger division in the RSDLP that had led to a split between the Bolshevik and Menshevik factions at their Second Congress in August 1903: the Bolsheviks wanted the party to be more exclusive, while the Mensheviks were more willing to accommodate a variety of members, including peasants whom the Bolsheviks felt were not ready for class struggles. These factional differences, which also led to a split within the Georgian Social Democrats, had little impact on the Gurian Republic, with both Bolsheviks and Mensheviks at times being asked to participate in local debates. Starting in 1903 there had been a slow expansion of the ideals of the Gurian Republic outside its borders, and by August 1904 it had firmly taken hold in neighbouring Imereti, which had 600 "circles" of its own by the end of 1905; similar movements also arose in nearby Mingrelia. Near the end of 1904 a two-ruble tax was instituted in Guria to purchase arms, leading the Tsarist authorities to fear an armed peasant uprising. "Red Detachments" were organised, and while nearly every Gurian was armed, they were not a serious force that could have deterred a real military invasion. A contemporary report noted that at most there were 2,000 rifles in the entire region, with not all of them in working order and a shortage of ammu ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 18 Aug 2021 05:52:11 -0400 From: "Ace Hardware Feedback" Subject: Tell us about your shopping experiences and select from several offer rewards! Tell us about your shopping experiences and select from several offer rewards! http://savagegrowwe.us/pHZBaBxDviGupAbXbJa6Uq8k2TRSeNOXFFCwGyjG4rgSg6Y http://savagegrowwe.us/lXfTBWzCOMj1tfgWZ2GmEgacvwRuK4_TnQ4okj6h6iA251rJ urian Republic From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search Gurian Republic ?????? ?????????? 1902b1906 Historic, Russian-language map of Guria Guria, known at the time as the Ozurget Uyezd, within the Russian Empire Capital Ozurgeti Common languages Georgian Government Republic President b" 1902b1906 Beniamin Chkhikvishvili Historical era Modern Era b" Independence 1902 b" Disestablished 1906 Area 2,030 km2 (780 sq mi) Currency Ruble Preceded by Succeeded by Russian Empire Russian Empire Today part of Georgia The Gurian Republic was an insurgent community that existed between 1902 and 1906 in the western Georgian region of Guria (known at the time as the Ozurget Uyezd) in the Russian Empire. It rose from a revolt over land grazing rights in 1902. Several issues over the previous decades affecting the peasant population including taxation, land ownership and economic factors also factored into the start of the insurrection. The revolt gained further traction through the efforts of Georgian social democrats, despite some reservations within their party over supporting a peasant movement, and grew further during the 1905 Russian Revolution. During its existence the Gurian Republic ignored Russian authority and established its own system of government, which consisted of assemblies of villagers meeting and discussing issues. A unique form of justice, where trial attendees voted on sentences, was introduced. While the movement broke from imperial administration, it was not anti-Russian, desiring to remain within the Empire. The 1905 Russian Revolution led to massive uprisings throughout the Empire, including Georgia, and in reaction the Russian imperial authorities deployed military forces to end the rebellions, including in Guria. The organised peasants were able to fend off a small force of Cossacks, but the imperial authorities returned with overwhelming military force to re-assert control in 1906. Some of the Republic's leaders were executed, imprisoned or exiled, but others later played prominent roles in the 1918b1921 Democratic Republic of Georgia. The Republic also showed that peasants could be incorporated into the socialist movement, an idea previously downplayed by leadi ------------------------------ End of alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #7264 **********************************************