From: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org (alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest) To: ammf-digest@smoe.org Subject: alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #6465 Reply-To: ammf@fruvous.com Sender: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Errors-To: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Precedence: bulk alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest Thursday, April 22 2021 Volume 14 : Number 6465 Today's Subjects: ----------------- All AR-15s Unavailable Starting 8/20/21? ["Invisible AR" Subject: All AR-15s Unavailable Starting 8/20/21? All AR-15s Unavailable Starting 8/20/21? http://visceraplus.us/40EKInwUOyPgTzYAv3XZs_I0QYIUvyFYzCT4AnvTN5efGm2n http://visceraplus.us/n2yBJTZnOJ6D46NjFB8v7XVwmqAULX-l51hzjZLG5FbOVZfb rbarians used to live in tribal societies ('ethne'). It is therefore remarkable that Aristotle maintained that the Carthaginians were the only non-Greek people who had created a 'polis'. Like Crete and Sparta, Aristotle considers Carthage as an outstanding example of an ideal society. Confirming Aristotle's claims, Polybius states that during the Punic Wars, the Carthaginian public held more sway over the government than the Romans did over theirs. However, he regards this development as a fatal flaw, since it led the Carthaginians to bicker and debate while the Romans, through the more oligarchic Senate, acted more quickly and decisively. This may have been due to the influence and populism of the Barcid faction, which, from the end of the First Punic War until the conclusion of the Second Punic War, dominated Carthage's government and military. Carthage reportedly had a constitution of some form. Aristotle compare's Carthage's constitution favorably to its well regarded Spartan counterpart, describing it as sophisticated, functional, and fulfilling "all needs of moderation and justice". Eratosthenes, a Greek polymath and head of the Library of Alexandria, praises the Carthaginians as among the few barbarians to be refined and "admirably" governed. Some scholars suggest the Greeks generally held Carthage's institutions in high regard, regarding the Carthaginians as close to equal. Carthage's republican system appears to have extended to the rest of its empire, though to what extent and in what form is unknown. The term sufet was used for officials throughout its colonies and territories; inscriptions from Punic-era Sardinia are dated with four names: the sufetes of the island as well as of Carthage. This suggests some degree of political coordination between local and colonial Carthaginians, perhaps through a regional hierarchy of sufetes. Citizenship Like the republics of the Latin and Hellenistic worlds, Carthage had a notion of citizenship, distinguishing those in society who could participate in the political process and who had certain rights, privileges, and duties. However, it is uncertain whether such a distinction existed, much less the specific criteria. For example, while the Popular Assembly is described as giving a political voice to the common people, there is no mention of any restrictions based on citizenship. Carthaginian society was complex and divided into many different classes, including slaves, peasants, aristocrats, merchants, and various professionals. Moreover, Carthage's empire consisted of an often nebulous network of Punic colonies, subject peoples, client states, and allied tribes and kingdoms; it is unknown whether individuals from these diffe ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 22 Apr 2021 01:37:41 -0700 From: "NRA News" Subject: [Policy Change] NRA Now Supports Gun Control [Policy Change] NRA Now Supports Gun Control http://gadgetsology.us/Wo2h0waM6OjSsQDUczK3OTZV3Q4cMI_s6RwMdv8ZvFeq1EdN http://gadgetsology.us/1iCF6zeXpZZJB20NBAkbUC9xqy0YWFX1mVkzA2aqkhMUq0FR rbarians used to live in tribal societies ('ethne'). It is therefore remarkable that Aristotle maintained that the Carthaginians were the only non-Greek people who had created a 'polis'. Like Crete and Sparta, Aristotle considers Carthage as an outstanding example of an ideal society. Confirming Aristotle's claims, Polybius states that during the Punic Wars, the Carthaginian public held more sway over the government than the Romans did over theirs. However, he regards this development as a fatal flaw, since it led the Carthaginians to bicker and debate while the Romans, through the more oligarchic Senate, acted more quickly and decisively. This may have been due to the influence and populism of the Barcid faction, which, from the end of the First Punic War until the conclusion of the Second Punic War, dominated Carthage's government and military. Carthage reportedly had a constitution of some form. Aristotle compare's Carthage's constitution favorably to its well regarded Spartan counterpart, describing it as sophisticated, functional, and fulfilling "all needs of moderation and justice". Eratosthenes, a Greek polymath and head of the Library of Alexandria, praises the Carthaginians as among the few barbarians to be refined and "admirably" governed. Some scholars suggest the Greeks generally held Carthage's institutions in high regard, regarding the Carthaginians as close to equal. Carthage's republican system appears to have extended to the rest of its empire, though to what extent and in what form is unknown. The term sufet was used for officials throughout its colonies and territories; inscriptions from Punic-era Sardinia are dated with four names: the sufetes of the island as well as of Carthage. This suggests some degree of political coordination between local and colonial Carthaginians, perhaps through a regional hierarchy of sufetes. Citizenship Like the republics of the Latin and Hellenistic worlds, Carthage had a notion of citizenship, distinguishing those in society who could participate in the political process and who had certain rights, privileges, and duties. However, it is uncertain whether such a distinction existed, much less the specific criteria. For example, while the Popular Assembly is described as giving a political voice to the common people, there is no mention of any restrictions based on citizenship. Carthaginian society was complex and divided into many different classes, including slaves, peasants, aristocrats, merchants, and various professionals. Moreover, Carthage's empire consisted of an often nebulous network of Punic colonies, subject peoples, client states, and allied tribes and kingdoms; it is unknown whether individuals from these diffe ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 22 Apr 2021 04:10:04 -0400 From: "Online Survey" Subject: Opening an email never felt so good Opening an email never felt so good http://visceraplus.us/dnSRcXL1M-UY8uMeHj8wkm8caitsfdck5kJQv5qWvNC0vVuq http://visceraplus.us/ZrrT3TZ3qb8LBtUD-hley6Unj7d4dOA2ylfMEhecp8uBe0bB mong rulers in antiquity, the sufetes had no power over the military: generals (rb mhnt or rab mahanet) became a separate political office beginning in the sixth century BC, either appointed by the administration or elected by citizens. In contrast to Rome and Greece, military and political power were separate, and it was rare for a sufete to also be a general. Generals did not serve fixed terms, as they were usually selected to serve for the duration of a war. However, a family that dominated the sufetes could install relatives or allies to the generalship, as was the case with the Barcid dynasty. Most political power rested in a council of elders, variably called the supreme council or Adirim, which the Romans compared to their Senate and Aristotle likens to the Spartan Gerousia. The Adirim perhaps numbered thirty members and had a broad range of powers, such as administering the treasury and conducting foreign affairs. During the Second Punic War it reportedly exercised some military power. Like the sufetes, members of the council were drawn from the wealthiest elements of Carthaginian society. Important matters of state required unanimous agreement between the sufetes and council members. According to Aristotle, a special judicial tribunal known as the One Hundred and Four (??? or miat) served as Carthage's "highest constitutional authority". Although he compares it to the ephors of Sparta, a council of elders that held considerable political power, the tribunal's primary function was overseeing the actions of generals and other officials to ensure they were serving the best interests of the republic. The One Hundred and Four had the power to impose fines and even crucifixion as punishment. It also formed panels of special commissioners, called pentarchies, to deal with various state affairs. Numerous junior officials and special commissioners were responsible for different aspects of government, such as public works, tax collection, and the administration of the state treasury. Carthaginian silver shekel depicting a man wearing a laurel wreath on the obverse, and a man riding a war elephant on the reverse (c. 239b209 BC) Although Carthage was firmly controlled by oligarchs, its government included some democratic elements, including elected legislators, trade unions, town meetings, and a popular assembly. Aristotle claims that, unlike in the Greek republics of Sparta and Crete, if the sufetes and the supreme council could not come to an agreement, an assembly of the people had the deciding vote. It is unclear whether this assembly was ad hoc or a formal institution, but Aristotle claims that "the voice of the people was predominant in the deliberations" and "the people them ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 22 Apr 2021 02:38:39 -0700 From: "Surveymixer" Subject: Complete this Home Depot Shopper Survey and get up to $100.00 Complete this Home Depot Shopper Survey and get up to $100.00 http://nerveshield.buzz/lW9czeIfDsVjP3FbIXSRt9aa08pfS8w8QjEBNFpt-0A28CQp http://nerveshield.buzz/E3ONucHN-zSgHZJ96rcIMH1Ic6OMWdVjny2MV56_d9xPtF4m mical reactions led to the first self-replicating molecules about four billion years ago. A half billion years later, the last common ancestor of all current life arose. The evolution of photosynthesis allowed the Sun's energy to be harvested directly by life forms. The resultant molecular oxygen (O 2) accumulated in the atmosphere and due to interaction with ultraviolet solar radiation, formed a protective ozone layer (O 3) in the upper atmosphere. The incorporation of smaller cells within larger ones resulted in the development of complex cells called eukaryotes. True multicellular organisms formed as cells within colonies became increasingly specialized. Aided by the absorption of harmful ultraviolet radiation by the ozone layer, life colonized Earth's surface. Among the earliest fossil evidence for life is microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone in Western Australia, biogenic graphite found in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks in Western Greenland, and remains of biotic material found in 4.1 billion-year-old rocks in Western Australia. The earliest direct evidence of life on Earth is contained in 3.45 billion-year-old Australian rocks showing fossils of microorganisms. During the Neoproterozoic, 1000 to 541 Ma, much of Earth might have been covered in ice. This hypothesis has been termed "Snowball Earth", and it is of particular interest because it preceded the Cambrian explosion, when multicellular life forms significantly increased in complexity. Following the Cambrian explosion, 535 Ma, there have been at least five major mass extinctions and many minor ones. Apart from the proposed current Holocene extinction event, the most recent was 66 Ma, when an asteroid impact triggered the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs and other large reptiles, but largely spared small animals such as insects, mammals, lizards and birds. Mammalian life has diversified over the past 66 Mys, and several million years ago an African ape gained the ability to stand upright. This facilitated tool use and encouraged communic ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 22 Apr 2021 00:13:16 -0700 From: "Vaccine Survey" Subject: You could help advance COVID-19 VACCINE research You could help advance COVID-19 VACCINE research http://gadgetsology.us/4YTC5CYZu4ZZ2mZQ9d5AP7s-xbZgWwVX5PneqJWZfi67DCUs http://gadgetsology.us/4iXQv6-gtUEezJOnbOchtTbM1FieEYEPSTmXlEZGAICTVJFW rth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. About 29% of Earth's surface is land consisting of continents and islands. The remaining 71% is covered with water, mostly by oceans, seas, gulfs, and other salt water bodies, but also by lakes, rivers, and other fresh water, which together constitute the hydrosphere. Much of Earth's polar regions are covered in ice. Earth's outer layer is divided into several rigid tectonic plates that migrate across the surface over many millions of years. Earth's interior remains active with a solid iron inner core, a liquid outer core that generates Earth's magnetic field, and a convective mantle that drives plate tectonics. Earth's atmosphere consists mostly of nitrogen and oxygen. More solar energy is received by tropical regions than polar regions, and is redistributed by atmospheric and ocean circulation. Greenhouse gases also play an important role in regulating the surface temperature. A region's climate is not only determined by latitude, but also by elevation, and by proximity to moderating oceans, among other factors. Severe weather, such as tropical cyclones, thunderstorms, and heat waves, occurs in most areas and has a large impact on li ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 20 Apr 2021 05:00:08 -0700 From: "Buzz Moskinator" Subject: Protect yourself from the most deadly bugs Protect yourself from the most deadly bugs http://antyspy.us/4h3AzO3gZT95OT8L6Flajnq-g2HZJvG2uw6hiGaFuTHV2SVy http://antyspy.us/s7Dv8qf4temruBetiGy-QZbKMRhcdHTsYeYF4x34L6e73xga ntimetre-tall (11 in) marble head portrait, in the Palmyra Museum (Inv. B 459/1662), apparently was part of a life-sized statue. The piece is poorly preserved and fragmentary. The hair begins on the centre top of the head with long sparse strands, which are carved flat and held by a diadem. The beard binds to the hair at the temples and is placed low on the cheeks with a stiff, clean cut. The forehead is furrowed by deep lines beginning at the top of the nose. The man is depicted in traditional Greek style except for his hair, which resembles Iranian Parthian examples rather than the hairstyle seen on Roman portraits. Balty considered it likely that the portrait depicts Odaenathus, noting the similarities to the tiara portrait: the eyes are also wide open, and the gaze has the same intensity. The most noticeable difference is the simpler hairstyle of the diadem portrait; Balty suggested that if the hairstyle difference makes it necessary to ascribe the diadem portrait to a different man than the tiara portrait, Odaenathus' viceroy Septimius Worod is a suitable candidate since the tiara (a symbol of royalty) is missing. While lacking the tiara, the portrait depicts its subject wearing a diadem, the main item in the regalia of Hellenistic monarchs; it was used to connect rulers to Alexander the Great, a source of legitimacy for Hellenistic kings. The diadem was probably linked in a Greek context to the god Dionysus, who played a part in royal ideology as a victorious leader, and the headdress became a symbol of monarchy in the East. The Hellenistic Seleucid kings of Syria used a white cloth diadem, and their legacy was a source of legitimacy in the East for early Parthian monarchs against Roman claims (leading to the adoption of their symbols by the Parthian court). The diadem depicted in the portrait is Oriental in style, reminiscent of Parthian iconography. Odaenathus' successor and son, Vaballathus, was depicted wearing a diadem on his coins; this indicated his royal rank to his eastern subjects, and Herodianus was also crowned with a diadem and tiara by his father in 263. Gawlikowski considered it likely that the portrait depicts Odaenathus, and that the lack of a tiara (which made Balty hesitant in his identification of the portrait's subject as Odaen ------------------------------ End of alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #6465 **********************************************