From: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org (alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest) To: ammf-digest@smoe.org Subject: alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #5514 Reply-To: ammf@fruvous.com Sender: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Errors-To: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Precedence: bulk alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest Saturday, December 19 2020 Volume 14 : Number 5514 Today's Subjects: ----------------- Grab yours now right here if you want one. ["Belly Holster Ecom" ] ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Sat, 19 Dec 2020 03:58:00 -0500 From: "Belly Holster Ecom" Subject: Grab yours now right here if you want one. Grab yours now right here if you want one. http://ironbattery.buzz/55_JNhJ6r_WLKLd1yxyn9YTirharNXGg1uCqba5AnvNjB7AP http://ironbattery.buzz/vNmfHcvxwzYHwTMso2-Xt1aCMIdZXFoWsM3aCmpGfi8FTtWs p of mostly desert plants called "CAM" plants (Crassulacean acid metabolism, after the family Crassulaceae, which includes the species in which the CAM process was first discovered) open their stomata at night (when water evaporates more slowly from leaves for a given degree of stomatal opening), use PEPcarboxylase to fix carbon dioxide and store the products in large vacuoles. The following day, they close their stomata and release the carbon dioxide fixed the previous night into the presence of RuBisCO. This saturates RuBisCO with carbon dioxide, allowing minimal photorespiration. This approach, however, is severely limited by the capacity to store fixed carbon in the vacuoles, so it is preferable only when water is severely limited. Opening and closing Further information: Guard cell Opening and closing of stoma. However, most plants do not have the aforementioned facility and must therefore open and close their stomata during the daytime, in response to changing conditions, such as light intensity, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration. It is not entirely certain how these responses work. However, the basic mechanism involves regulation of osmotic pressure. When conditions are conducive to stomatal opening (e.g., high light intensity and high humidity), a proton pump drives protons (H+) from the guard cells. This means that the cells' electrical potential becomes increasingly negative. The negative potential opens potassium voltage-gated channels and so an uptake of potassium ions (K+) occurs. To ma ------------------------------ Date: Sat, 19 Dec 2020 03:29:01 -0500 From: "Upgraded Comfortable Material" Subject: Grab yours now right here if you want one. Grab yours now right here if you want one. http://ironbattery.buzz/qtRaNymeAtapChSP2UySHNGghIpzUIQWhcdpLFg7-GW4_i3w http://ironbattery.buzz/Zzb9H3mzeYqPLivIrcNs-Qa1Z4n8AjVFlN4H0JrFKtGuBTcw p of mostly desert plants called "CAM" plants (Crassulacean acid metabolism, after the family Crassulaceae, which includes the species in which the CAM process was first discovered) open their stomata at night (when water evaporates more slowly from leaves for a given degree of stomatal opening), use PEPcarboxylase to fix carbon dioxide and store the products in large vacuoles. The following day, they close their stomata and release the carbon dioxide fixed the previous night into the presence of RuBisCO. This saturates RuBisCO with carbon dioxide, allowing minimal photorespiration. This approach, however, is severely limited by the capacity to store fixed carbon in the vacuoles, so it is preferable only when water is severely limited. Opening and closing Further information: Guard cell Opening and closing of stoma. However, most plants do not have the aforementioned facility and must therefore open and close their stomata during the daytime, in response to changing conditions, such as light intensity, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration. It is not entirely certain how these responses work. However, the basic mechanism involves regulation of osmotic pressure. When conditions are conducive to stomatal opening (e.g., high light intensity and high humidity), a proton pump drives protons (H+) from the guard cells. This means that the cells' electrical potential becomes increasingly negative. The negative potential opens potassium voltage-gated channels and so an uptake of potassium ions (K+) occurs. To ma ------------------------------ Date: Sat, 19 Dec 2020 03:07:29 -0500 From: "Upcoming Apocalypse" Subject: what is going to happen in the next few months? what is going to happen in the next few months? http://headdentist.buzz/V8kNVJmshNEkloTPjYDoul8nqgWrf7EtVnuos-FKVpA8bKLg http://headdentist.buzz/ChoiKqiCtzGAwzsM6Y-xU0iCDVVUEEAy2ka3hlrrc5ad6JW0 xide, a key reactant in photosynthesis, is present in the atmosphere at a concentration of about 400 ppm. Most plants require the stomata to be open during daytime. The air spaces in the leaf are saturated with water vapour, which exits the leaf through the stomata in a process known as transpiration. Therefore, plants cannot gain carbon dioxide without simultaneously losing water vapour. Alternative approaches Ordinarily, carbon dioxide is fixed to ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) by the enzyme RuBisCO in mesophyll cells exposed directly to the air spaces inside the leaf. This exacerbates the transpiration problem for two reasons: first, RuBisCo has a relatively low affinity for carbon dioxide, and second, it fixes oxygen to RuBP, wasting energy and carbon in a process called photorespiration. For both of these reasons, RuBisCo needs high carbon dioxide concentrations, which means wide stomatal apertures and, as a consequence, high water loss. Narrower stomatal apertures can be used in conjunction with an intermediary molecule with a high carbon dioxide affinity, PEPcase (Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase). Retrieving the products of carbon fixation from PEPCase is an energy-intensive process, however. As a result, the PEPCase alternative is preferable only where water is limiting but light is plentiful, or where high temperatures increase the solubility of oxygen relative to that of carbon dioxide, magnifying RuBisCo's oxygena ------------------------------ Date: Sat, 19 Dec 2020 04:52:23 -0500 From: "DailySavingsFinder" Subject: Don't Let This Offer Get Away! Don't Let This Offer Get Away! http://gunlock.buzz/I5ZTZW7xYq538UwSiYt8c7d_PneW8k_-5AzBzKVY9BfrAAVC http://gunlock.buzz/-wOMJbmjy6S48SMmtFEnlM-yyrjOSySdlFMHGh9UuAV6pfFF ree major epidermal cell types which all ultimately derive from the outermost (L1) tissue layer of the shoot apical meristem, called protodermal cells: trichomes, pavement cells and guard cells, all of which are arranged in a non-random fashion. An asymmetrical cell division occurs in protodermal cells resulting in one large cell that is fated to become a pavement cell and a smaller cell called a meristemoid that will eventually differentiate into the guard cells that surround a stoma. This meristemoid then divides asymmetrically one to three times before differentiating into a guard mother cell. The guard mother cell then makes one symmetrical division, which forms a pair of guard cells. Cell division is inhibited in some cells so there is always at least one cell between stomata. Stomatal patterning is controlled by the interaction of many signal transduction components such as EPF (Epidermal Patterning Factor), ERL (ERecta Like) and YODA (a putative MAP kinase kinase kinase). Mutations in any one of the genes which encode these factors may alter the development of stomata in the epidermis. For example, a mutation in one gene causes more stomata that are clustered together, hence is called Too Many Mouths (TMM). Whereas, disruption of the SPCH (SPeecCHless) gene prevents stomatal development all together. Activation of stomatal production can occur by the activation of EPF1, which activates TMM/ERL, which together activate YODA. YODA inhibits SPCH, causing SPCH activity to decrease, allowing for asymmetrical cell division that initiates stomata formation. Stomatal development is also coordinated by the cellular peptide signal called stomagen, which signals the inhibition of the SPCH, resulting in increased number of stomata. Environmental and hormonal factors can affect stomatal development. Light increases stomatal development in plants; while, plants grown in the dark have a lower amount of stomata. Auxin represses stomatal development by affecting their development at the receptor level like the ERL and TMM receptors. However, a low concentration of auxin allows for equal division of a guard mother cell and increases the chance of producing guard cells. Most angiosperm trees ------------------------------ Date: Sat, 19 Dec 2020 02:32:16 -0500 From: "FreeGift" Subject: Free Donald J. Trump Commemorative Bill Free Donald J. Trump Commemorative Bill http://ironbattery.buzz/QZ6TuOllJ59kLJG8or4USZLCFaQ4pEXEv3VqXZqQOKEX9Zhh http://ironbattery.buzz/lAPoZUYmK02GK-LcstXxaaJ7z_Pkbn44UOIgZ4xOW5x8D3fF oma (plural "stomata"), also called a stomate (plural "stomates") is a pore, found in the epidermis of leaves, stems, and other organs, that controls the rate of gas exchange. The pore is bordered by a pair of specialized parenchyma cells known as guard cells that are responsible for regulating the size of the stomatal opening. The term is usually used collectively to refer to the entire stomatal complex, consisting of the paired guard cells and the pore itself, which is referred to as the stomatal aperture. Air enters the plant through these openings by gaseous diffusion and contains carbon dioxide which is used in photosynthesis and oxygen which is used in respiration. Oxygen produced as a by-product of photosynthesis diffuses out to the atmosphere through these same openings. Also, water vapor diffuses through the stomata into the atmosphere in a process called transpiration. Stomata are present in the sporophyte generation of all land plant groups except liverworts. In vascular plants the number, size and distribution of stomata varies widely. Dicotyledons usually have more stomata on the lower surface of the leaves than the upper surface. Monocotyledons such as onion, oat and maize may have about the same number of stomata on both leaf surfaces.:5 In plants with floating leaves, stomata may be found only on the upper epidermis and submerged leaves may lack stomata entirely. Most tree species have stomata only on the lower leaf surface. Leaves with stom ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 18 Dec 2020 08:00:58 -0500 From: "Herp Cure" Subject: Crazy Doctor Gave Thousands Herpes Then Cured It Crazy Doctor Gave Thousands Herpes Then Cured It http://bioboost.buzz/xe4fA7YUUJ3IVMNXNn3Cd7032KOsEHwj2E274_sAHbRBNtIa http://bioboost.buzz/1WpRs0L0MYvBvHeUsVB2fCGiusFijfORJiH8tPWuREWFIXpc olved from vespoid wasp ancestors in the Cretaceous period, and diversified after the rise of flowering plants. More than 12,500 of an estimated total of 22,000 species have been classified. They are easily identified by their elbowed antennae and the distinctive node-like structure that forms their slender waists. Ants form colonies that range in size from a few dozen predatory individuals living in small natural cavities to highly organised colonies that may occupy large territories and consist of millions of individuals. Larger colonies consist of various castes of sterile, wingless females, most of which are workers (ergates), as well as soldiers (dinergates) and other specialised groups. Nearly all ant colonies also have some fertile males called "drones" (aner) and one or more fertile females called "queens" (gynes). The colonies are described as superorganisms because the ants appear to operate as a unified entity, collectively working together to support the colony. File:Blackants-bredcrust-tokyo-may2015.webm (video) Ants gathering food Ants have colonised almost every landmass on Earth. The only places lacking indigenous ants are Antarctica and a few remote or inhospitable islands. Ants thrive in most ecosystems and may form 15b25% of the terrestrial animal biomass. Their success in so many environments has been attributed to their social organisation and their ability to modify habitats, tap resources, and defend themselves. Their long co-evolution with other species has led to mimetic, commensal, parasitic, and mutualistic relationships. Ant societies have division of labour, communication betwe ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 18 Dec 2020 09:37:19 -0500 From: "Stuck Poop" Subject: Add THIS to coffee or tea to eliminate constipation Add THIS to coffee or tea to eliminate constipation http://bioboost.buzz/0wiRx-Fy5N-bLeIMNHUO3-8R2bsBJSY2hh-_XccDgbGt0DjY http://bioboost.buzz/kQiXrjFDkHNSSRUXw1ssklkCHci9TBBfALWSsEYVF89X71kn ide range of reproductive strategies have been noted in ant species. Females of many species are known to be capable of reproducing asexually through thelytokous parthenogenesis. Secretions from the male accessory glands in some species can plug the female genital opening and prevent females from re-mating. Most ant species have a system in which only the queen and breeding females have the ability to mate. Contrary to popular belief, some ant nests have multiple queens, while others may exist without queens. Workers with the ability to reproduce are called "gamergates" and colonies that lack queens are then called gamergate colonies; colonies with queens are said to be queen-right. Drones can also mate with existing queens by entering a foreign colony, such as in army ants. When the drone is initially attacked by the workers, it releases a mating pheromone. If recognized as a mate, it will be carried to the queen to mate. Males may also patrol the nest and fight others by grabbing them with their mandibles, piercing their exoskeleton and then marking them with a pheromone. The marked male is interpreted as an invader by worker ants and is killed. Fertilised meat-eater ant queen beginning to dig a new colony Most ants are univoltine, producing a new gener ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 18 Dec 2020 04:46:33 -0500 From: "Personal Massage Tool" Subject: Last Chance Last Chance http://bpbalanceinfo.buzz/0ltRPeQbKeCNvhWnipDEnVr1dc9471FkmiQRX3Ssv1Gjyez9 http://bpbalanceinfo.buzz/5WTgY8aX2t-240O02HyFeOVDJ0ICs4N10ojBcLV77U81XJRj ide began to turn against the 'thecodont' hypothesis after the 1964 discovery of a new theropod dinosaur in Montana. In 1969, this dinosaur was described and named Deinonychus by John Ostrom of Yale University. The next year, Ostrom redescribed a specimen of Pterodactylus in the Dutch Teyler Museum as another skeleton of Archaeopteryx. The specimen consisted mainly of a single wing and its description made Ostrom aware of the similarities between the wrists of Archaeopteryx and Deinonychus. In 1972, British paleontologist Alick Walker hypothesized that birds arose not from 'thecodonts' but from crocodile ancestors like Sphenosuchus. Ostrom's work with both theropods and early birds led him to respond with a series of publications in the mid-1970s in which he laid out the many similarities between birds and theropod dinosaurs, resurrecting the ideas first put forth by Huxley over a century before. Ostrom's recognition of the dinosaurian ancestry of birds, along with other new ideas about dinosaur metabolism, activity levels, and parental care, began what is known as the dinosaur renaissance, which began in the 1970s and continues to this day. Ostrom's revelations also coincided with the increasing adoption of phylogenetic systematics (cladistics), which began in the 1960s with the work of Willi Hennig. Cladistics is an exact method of arranging species based strictly on their evolutionary relationships, which are calculated by determining the evolutionary tree implying the least number of changes in their anatomical characteristics. In the 1980s, cladistic methodology was applied to dinosaur phylogeny for the first time by Jacques Gauthier and others, showing unequivocally that birds were a derived group of theropod dinosaurs. Early analyses suggested that dromaeosaurid theropods like Deinonychus were particularly closely related to birds, a result that has been corroborated ma ------------------------------ End of alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #5514 **********************************************