From: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org (alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest) To: ammf-digest@smoe.org Subject: alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #5507 Reply-To: ammf@fruvous.com Sender: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Errors-To: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Precedence: bulk alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest Thursday, December 17 2020 Volume 14 : Number 5507 Today's Subjects: ----------------- Strange Herb Gives 20/20 Vision ["Fix Eyesight" Subject: Strange Herb Gives 20/20 Vision Strange Herb Gives 20/20 Vision http://wintertv.buzz/ohTWJ-1fx51j95MZWhq4j2INjss6V0AFmwgPz8Mw4E3kZQBx http://wintertv.buzz/_3IvCpdLGbd7OsT_gddUfpC2rwaws2_Q5thZsmpSe-z7kaf0 own to occur in the Cretaceous period, the earliest being the Hesperornithiformes, like Hesperornis regalis, a flightless loon-like seabird that could dive in a fashion similar to grebes and loons (using its feet to move underwater) but had a beak filled with sharp teeth. Flying Cretaceous seabirds do not exceed wingspans of two meters; any sizes were taken by piscivorous pterosaurs. skull of ancient seabird with teeth set into bill The Cretaceous seabird Hesperornis While Hesperornis is not thought to have left descendants, the earliest modern seabirds also occurred in the Cretaceous, with a species called Tytthostonyx glauconiticus, which seems allied to the Procellariiformes and Pelecaniformes. In the Paleogene both pterosaurs and marine reptiles became extinct, allowing seabirds to expand ecologically. These post-extinction seas were dominated by early Procellariidae, giant penguins and two extinct families, the Pelagornithidae and the Plotopteridae (a group of large seabirds that looked like the penguins). Modern genera began their wide radiation in the Miocene, although the genus Puffinus (which includes today's Manx shearwater and sooty shearwater) might date back to the Oligocene. The highest diversity of seabirds apparently existed during the Late Miocene and the Pliocene. At the end of the latter, the oceanic food web had undergone a period of upheaval due to extinction of considerable numbers of marine species; subsequently, the spread of marine mammals seems to have prevented seabirds from reaching their erstwhile diver ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 17 Dec 2020 03:00:38 -0500 From: "Belly Holster" Subject: Grab yours now right here if you want one. Grab yours now right here if you want one. http://uvenergy.link/oZWaMNukQA8reBbMPa84aJui2dhtUAooqT05MZ_r142je_xd http://uvenergy.link/vWJZAvHz0Fb9wcfNZjG_DEcemhDQSgEKGLIdR1uy601l_QuU nise disturbed habitats that would be unsuitable for the native crayfish (Astacus astacus). P. clarkii is also marketed by biological supply companies for teaching and research. P. clarkii also exhibits different color morphs, including white, blue, and orange, which are commonly sold in pet stores. The introduction of P. clarkii has also resulted in economic losses in some regions. In the Baixo Mondego region of Portugal, it caused a decrease in 6.3% of profits in rice fields. However, this was on a wet-seeded field. All negative effects of crawfish can be avoided if adult crawfish are separated from the seed and seedlings. As food Boiled crawfish, Louisiana P. clarkii is eaten in the United States, Cambodia, Europe, China, Africa, Australia, Thailand, Canada, New Zealand, and the Caribbean. About 98% of the crayfish harvested in the United States come from Louisiana, where the standard culiount for a large majority of the crayfish produced in the United States and elsewhere. Crayfish farming began in Louisiana in the 18th century, taking place in rice fields in a concurrent or alternate culture system. The concurrent culture of rice and crayfish makes good use of land, resources, equipment, and infrastructure already being used for rice production. However, crawfish production has decreased in recent years due to an increase of imports from China, which is now the world's leading producer of crawfish and is also using a rice-based system. A number of species of crustaceans were introduced to China to create markets for aquaculture and because they are better adapted to growing in a rice field than native fish species. Rice-fish farming originated in China and is once again growing as the yields from Green Revolution practices used to grow rice are no longer increasing, and resources such as land and water are becoming more limited. clarkii has also been introduced elsewhere for cultivation, such as Spain, where its success is attributable to its ability to colon ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 16 Dec 2020 10:09:44 -0500 From: "2-4 Inches Bigger In 5 Steps" <2-4InchesBiggerIn5Steps@remedypro.us> Subject: How Stem Cells Make IT Bigger⦠How Stem Cells Make IT Biggerb& http://remedypro.us/pM5TdwbQI8ShzFKGWuq0UtYbpwh5hPUZ5QFAlhJrb23v5r2i http://remedypro.us/1MMRg70Wg_VxNHPbJu97HV3Gyn1GKXFHH6kFeLb_x_8KsJAM stimated dates of initial settlement of Easter Island have ranged from 300 to 1200 AD, though the current best estimate for colonization is in the 12th century AD. Easter Island colonization likely coincided with the arrival of the first settlers in Hawaii. Rectifications in radiocarbon dating have changed almost all of the previously posited early settlement dates in Polynesia. Ongoing archaeological studies provide this late date: "Radiocarbon dates for the earliest stratigraphic layers at Anakena, Easter Island, and analysis of previous radiocarbon dates imply that the island was colonized late, about 1200 AD. Significant ecological impacts and major cultural investments in monumental architecture and statuary thus began soon after initial settlement." According to oral tradition, the first settlement was at Anakena. Researchers have noted that the Caleta Anakena landing point provides the island's best shelter from prevailing swells as well as a sandy beach for canoe landings and launchings, so it is a likely early place of settlement. However radiocarbon dating concludes that other sites preceded Anakena by many years, especially the Tahai by several centuries. The island was most likely populated by Polynesians who navigated in canoes or catamarans from the Gambier Islands (Mangareva, 2,600 km (1,600 mi) away) or the Marquesas Islands, 3,200 km (2,000 mi) away. According to some theories, such as the Polynesian Diaspora Theory, there is a possibility that early Polynesian settlers arrived from South America due to their remarkable sea-navigation abilities. Theorists have supported this through the agricultural evidence of the sweet potato. The sweet potato was a favoured crop in Polynesian society for generations but it originated in South America, suggesting interaction between these two geographic areas. However, recent research suggests that sweet potatoes may have spread to Polynesia by long-distance disper ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 16 Dec 2020 06:27:28 -0500 From: "Compression Sleeves" Subject: Compression Sleeves Now Infused With Coq10 Compression Sleeves Now Infused With Coq10 http://certifiedstate.cam/L35vPQOQMHCOsfPaBvW-3PwnsZIV18eSEIabgLUwOuUQ3_M9 http://certifiedstate.cam/u0l7MDDKNYFxr1SNf50ZJ2e9Rkyd5m1ClTme_vycuWH-8V9I irds is less colourful than that of land birds, restricted in the main to variations of black, white or grey. A few species sport colourful plumes (such as the tropicbirds and some penguins), but most of the colour in seabirds appears in the bills and legs. The plumage of seabirds is thought in many cases to be for camouflage, both defensive (the colour of US Navy battleships is the same as that of Antarctic prions, and in both cases it reduces visibility at sea) and aggressive (the white underside possessed by many seabirds helps hide them from prey below). The usually black wing tips help prevent wear, as they contain melanins to make them black that helps the feathers resist abrasion. Diet and feeding Seabirds evolved to exploit different food resources in the world's seas and oceans, and to a great extent, their physiology and behaviour have been shaped by their diet. These evolutionary forces have often caused species in different families and even orders to evolve similar strategies and adaptations to the same problems, leading to remarkable convergent evolution, such as that between auks and penguins. There are four basic feeding strategies, or ecological guilds, for feeding at sea: surface feeding, pursuit diving, plunge diving and predation of higher vertebrates; within these guilds there are multiple variations on the theme. Surface feeding Many seabirds feed on the ocean's surface, as the action of marine currents often concent ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 16 Dec 2020 08:48:10 -0500 From: "AirBuds Pro" Subject: The Most Freeing Pair of Top-of-the-Line, Wireless Earbuds The Most Freeing Pair of Top-of-the-Line, Wireless Earbuds http://remedypro.us/wSotjcG2_B4vpxCopxiNcrUdX0uPxXfcgswwHIlyP1uQ30hQ http://remedypro.us/_R-vBRk1r14CXd9FbX7pMadZIsXp65x8CcUEnSw13fNNV7bi ecies which grew up to 15 metres (49 ft) or more: Paschalococos (possibly the largest palm trees in the world at the time), Alphitonia zizyphoides, and Elaeocarpus rarotongensis. At least six species of land birds were known to live on the island. A major factor that contributed to the extinction of multiple plant species was the introduction of the Polynesian rat. Studies by paleobotanists have shown rats can dramatically affect the reproduction of vegetation in an ecosystem. In the case of Rapa Nui, recovered plant seed shells showed markings of being gnawed on by rats. Barbara A. West wrote, "Sometime before the arrival of Europeans on Easter Island, the Rapanui experienced a tremendous upheaval in their social system brought about by a change in their island's ecology... By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population had dropped to 2,000b3,000 from a high of approximately 15,000 just a century earlier." By that time, 21 species of trees and all species of land birds became extinct through some combination of over-harvesting, over-hunting, rat predation, and climate change. The island was largely deforested, and it did not have any trees taller than 3 metres (10 feet). Loss of large trees meant that residents were no longer able to build seaworthy vessels, significantly diminishing their fishing abilities. One theory is that the trees were used as rollers to move the statues to their place of erection from the quarry at Rano Raraku. Deforestation also caused erosion which caused a sharp decline in agricultural production. This was exacerbated by the loss of land birds and the collapse in seabird populations as a source of food. By the 18th century, islanders were largely sustained by farming, with domestic chickens as the primary source of protein. As the island became overpopulated and resources diminished, warriors known as matatoa gained more power and the Ancestor Cult ended, making way for the Bird Man Cult. Beverly Haun wrote, "The concept of mana (power) invested in hereditary leaders was recast into the person of the birdman, apparently beginning circa 1540, and coinciding with the final vestiges of the moai period." This cult maintained that, although the ancestors still provided for their descendants, the medium through which the living could contact the dead was no longer statues but human beings chosen through a competition. The god respon ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 17 Dec 2020 04:48:14 -0500 From: "Tooth Decay" Subject: A Million Dollar Smile 5 Tips for Healthy Teeth A Million Dollar Smile 5 Tips for Healthy Teeth http://canvaspro.best/OByoiDiIIWJ5dmcgKPXNZsRGpFvyc5Jp81FKOtlr4BcKMLku http://canvaspro.best/7pKqVLnJf_-UApCR7lLRvW5D4Dqo1HC5oGYlpFEoarei8u7e ssure within cells is regulated by osmosis and this also causes the cell wall to expand during growth. Along with size, rigidity of the cell is also caused by turgor pressure; a lower pressure results in a wilted cell or plant structure (i.e. leaf, stalk). One mechanism in plants that regulate turgor pressure is its semipermeable membrane, which only allows some solutes to travel in and out of the cell, which can also maintain a minimum amount of pressure. Other mechanisms include transpiration, which results in water loss and decreases turgidity in cells. Turgor pressure is also a large factor for nutrient transport throughout the plant. Cells of the same organism can have differing turgor pressures throughout the organism's structure. In higher plants, turgor pressure is responsible for apical growth of things such as root tips and pollen tubes. Dispersal Transport proteins that pump solutes into the cell can be regulated by cell turgor pressure. Lower values allow for an increase in the pumping of solutes; which in turn increases osmotic pressure. This function is important as a plant response when under drought conditions (seeing as turgor pressure is maintained), and for cells which need to accumulate solutes (i.e. developing fruits). Flowering and reproductive organs It has been recorded that the petals of Gentiana kochiana and Kalanchoe blossfeldiana bloom via volatile turgor pressure of cells on the plant's adaxial surface. During processes like anther dehiscence, it has been observed that drying endothecium cells cause an outward bending force which led to the release of pollen. This means that lower turgor pressures are observed in these structures due to the fact that they are dehydrated. Pollen tubes are cells which elongate when pollen lands on the stigma, at the carpal tip. These cells grow rather quickly due to increases turgor pre ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 17 Dec 2020 03:57:27 -0500 From: "Woodworking Projects" Subject: super fast, super easy and super fun. a super fast, super easy and super fun. http://tinnitusterminator.best/DTNtX4tAFgv7kJepbu9z_4jvGlz7MeG5zu7Bhej0lnEIZURJ http://tinnitusterminator.best/-v3ZLfxpaM4IrXHU2PzPPaBN_dOTZKrWqejjBdxSZsgpkB8D mosis is the process in which water flows from an area with a low solute concentration, to an adjacent area with a higher solute concentration until equilibrium between the two areas is reached. All cells are surrounded by a lipid bi-layer cell membrane which permits the flow of water in and out of the cell while also limiting the flow of solutes. In hypertonic solutions, water flows out of the cell which decreases the cell's volume. When in a hypotonic solution, water flows into the membrane and increases the cell's volume. When in an isotonic solution, water flows in and out of the cell at an equal rate. Turgidity is the point at which the cell's membrane pushes against the cell wall, which is when turgor pressure is high. When the cell membrane has low turgor pressure, it is flaccid. In plants, this is shown as wilted anatomical structures. This is more specifically known as plasmolysis. A turgid and flaccid cell The volume and geometry of the cell affects the value of turgor pressure, and how it can have an effect on the cell wall's plasticity. Studies have shown how smaller cells experience a stronger elastic change when compared to larger cells. Turgor pressure also plays a key role in plant cell growth where the cell wall undergoes irreversible expansion due to the force of turgor pressure as well as structural changes in the cell wall that alter its exten ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 15 Dec 2020 22:12:08 -0800 From: "Belly Holster Ecom" Subject: Your Free Belly Holster Should Arrive Your Free Belly Holster Should Arrive http://sonicbreads.buzz/jHvHnz4gKdOHqUdDPzdkTyr1BJL1S0rS0S50BXJEnqQ4caV7 http://sonicbreads.buzz/BBlLKaDNwAK2hdnhFh_NnKWT9eWXbpCdetjtFyNA3hJhCcmE ount for a large majority of the crayfish produced in the United States and elsewhere. Crayfish farming began in Louisiana in the 18th century, taking place in rice fields in a concurrent or alternate culture system. The concurrent culture of rice and crayfish makes good use of land, resources, equipment, and infrastructure already being used for rice production. However, crawfish production has decreased in recent years due to an increase of imports from China, which is now the world's leading producer of crawfish and is also using a rice-based system. A number of species of crustaceans were introduced to China to create markets for aquaculture and because they are better adapted to growing in a rice field than native fish species. Rice-fish farming originated in China and is once again growing as the yields from Green Revolution practices used to grow rice are no longer increasing, and resources such as land and water are becoming more limited. P. clarkii has also been introduced elsewhere for cultivation, such as Spain, where its success is attributable to its ability to colonise disturbed habitats that would be unsuitable for the native crayfish (Astacus astacus). P. clarkii is also marketed by biological supply companies for teaching and research. P. clarkii also exhibits different color morphs, including white, blue, and orange, which are commonly sold in pet stores. The introduction of P. clarkii has also resulted in economic losses in some regions. In the Baixo Mondego region of Portugal, it caused a decrease in 6.3% of profits in rice fields. However, this was on a wet-seeded field. All negative effects of crawfish can be avoided if adult crawfish are separated from the seed and seedlings. As food Boiled crawfish, Louisiana P. clarkii is eaten in the United States, Cambodia, Europe, China, Africa, Australia, Thailand, Canada, New Zealand, and the Caribbean. About 98% of the crayfish harvested in the United States come from Louisiana, where the standard culin ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 16 Dec 2020 01:40:06 -0800 From: "Tinnitus Terminator" Subject: =?utf-8?Q?=E2=99=AB=E2=99=ACMan_Clears_Tinnitus_Overnight_By_Li stening_To_THIS_Music=E2=99=AC=E2=99=AC?= =?utf-8?Q?=E2=99=AB=E2=99=ACMan_Clears_Tinnitus_Overnight_By_Listening_To_THIS_Music=E2=99=AC=E2=99=AC?= http://tinnitusterminator.us/vmIF9gkdtLJ6cdDKGR4kMZPVZ0ybqPEhWAl_IxsphXBftQRO http://tinnitusterminator.us/0ryjO7Kl-antd2ZglMMxuYnhgZczRlyxhcOFHSUPg0cjEcJM irds' life histories are dramatically different from those of land birds. In general, they are K-selected, live much longer (anywhere between twenty and sixty years), delay breeding for longer (for up to ten years), and invest more effort into fewer young. Most species will only have one clutch a year, unless they lose the first (with a few exceptions, like the Cassin's auklet), and many species (like the tubenoses and sulids), only one egg a year. Northern gannet pair "billing" during courtship; like all seabirds except the phalaropes they maintain a pair bond throughout the breeding season. Care of young is protracted, extending for as long as six months, among the longest for birds. For example, once common guillemot chicks fledge, they remain with the male parent for several months at sea. The frigatebirds have the longest period of parental care of any bird except a few raptors and the southern ground hornbill, with each chick fledging after four to six months and continued assistance after that for up to fourteen months. Due to the extended period of care, breeding occurs every two years rather than annually for some species. This life-history strategy has probably evolved both in response to the challenges of living at sea (collecting widely scattered prey items), the frequency of breeding failures due to unfavourable marine conditions, and the relative lack of predation compared to that of land-living birds. Because of the greater investment in raising the young and because foraging for food may occur far from the nest site, in all seabird species except the phalaropes, both parents participate in caring for the young, and pairs are typically at least seasonally monogamous. Many species, such as gulls, auks and penguins, retain the same mate for several seasons, and many petrel species mate for life. Albatrosses and procellariids, which mate for life, take many years to form a pair bond before they breed, and the albatr ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 17 Dec 2020 03:04:55 -0500 From: "Vision Loss" Subject: Strange Herb Gives 20/20 Vision Strange Herb Gives 20/20 Vision http://wintertv.buzz/VooFmyKuMWRjupDHNrp9jKSlc2Qe4HdhdxfqEdwoAeUxZ2rN http://wintertv.buzz/G9XxiA-ACtOqQIETgFQPs7OiN2mqRsS8oTLZ9DBCtYmF2jig own to occur in the Cretaceous period, the earliest being the Hesperornithiformes, like Hesperornis regalis, a flightless loon-like seabird that could dive in a fashion similar to grebes and loons (using its feet to move underwater) but had a beak filled with sharp teeth. Flying Cretaceous seabirds do not exceed wingspans of two meters; any sizes were taken by piscivorous pterosaurs. skull of ancient seabird with teeth set into bill The Cretaceous seabird Hesperornis While Hesperornis is not thought to have left descendants, the earliest modern seabirds also occurred in the Cretaceous, with a species called Tytthostonyx glauconiticus, which seems allied to the Procellariiformes and Pelecaniformes. In the Paleogene both pterosaurs and marine reptiles became extinct, allowing seabirds to expand ecologically. These post-extinction seas were dominated by early Procellariidae, giant penguins and two extinct families, the Pelagornithidae and the Plotopteridae (a group of large seabirds that looked like the penguins). Modern genera began their wide radiation in the Miocene, although the genus Puffinus (which includes today's Manx shearwater and sooty shearwater) might date back to the Oligocene. The highest diversity of seabirds apparently existed during the Late Miocene and the Pliocene. At the end of the latter, the oceanic food web had undergone a period of upheaval due to extinction of considerable numbers of marine species; subsequently, the spread of marine mammals seems to have prevented seabirds from reaching their erstwhile diver ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 16 Dec 2020 07:44:41 -0500 From: "Sugar Crush Detox" Subject: Are you sick and tired of being a slave to sugar cravings? Are you sick and tired of being a slave to sugar cravings? http://edelixir.buzz/RzajkSaD3Wq6YY8hb8UFUIyDT_boVMr3_MvIquan_ZEqqdZK http://edelixir.buzz/T-nStQ7I3RGjoTXjTpRytIBRTT_yxzj1thNKXNEPsdsIFiz4 ins, auks, diving petrels and some other species of petrel) or feet (as used by cormorants, grebes, loons and several types of fish-eating ducks). Wing-propelled divers are generally faster than foot-propelled divers. The use of wings or feet for diving has limited their utility in other situations: loons and grebes walk with extreme difficulty (if at all), penguins cannot fly, and auks have sacrificed flight efficiency in favour of diving. For example, the razorbill (an Atlantic auk) requires 64% more energy to fly than a petrel of equivalent size. Many shearwaters are intermediate between the two, having longer wings than typical wing-propelled divers but heavier wing loadings than the other surface-feeding procellariids, leaving them capable of diving to considerable depths while still being efficient long-distance travellers. The short-tailed shearwater is the deepest diver of the shearwaters, having been recorded diving below 70 m. Some albatross species are also capable of limited diving, with light-mantled sooty albatrosses holding the record at 12 m. Of all the wing-propelled pursuit divers, the most efficient in the air are the albatrosses, and they are also the poorest divers. This is the dominant guild in polar and subpolar environments, but it is energetically inefficient in warmer waters. With their poor flying ability, many wing-propelled pursuit divers are more limited in their foraging range than other guilds, especially during the breeding season when hungry chicks need regular feeding. Plunge diving Gannets, boobies, tropicbirds, some terns and brown pelicans all engage in plunge diving, taking fast moving prey by diving into the water from flight. Plunge diving allows birds to use the energy from the momentum of the dive to combat nat ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 16 Dec 2020 05:14:36 -0500 From: "Protective FaceMask" Subject: Personal protective mask gives you ultimate defense against the virus. Personal protective mask gives you ultimate defense against the virus. http://bathremodel.link/BMFG3yjKWDDvI8_c_8ilOjX_QNGdyL14_tNvVrMKrWbxkWe8 http://bathremodel.link/9kOQbR-qXqVk9SercpGu_OBh6SId4YCGkTu0XgouEp-yzGLa ists no single definition of which groups, families and species are seabirds, and most definitions are in some way arbitrary. In the words of two seabird scientists, "The one common characteristic that all seabirds share is that they feed in saltwater; but, as seems to be true with any statement in biology, some do not." However, by convention all of the Sphenisciformes and Procellariiformes, all of the Pelecaniformes except the darters, and some of the Charadriiformes (the skuas, gulls, terns, auks and skimmers) are classified as seabirds. The phalaropes are usually included as well, since although they are waders ("shorebirds" in North America), two of the three species are oceanic for nine months of the year, crossing the equator to feed pelagically. Loons and grebes, which nest on lakes but winter at sea, are usually categorized as water birds, not seabirds. Although there are a number of sea ducks in the family Anatidae that are truly marine in the winter, by convention they are usually excluded from the seabird grouping. Many waders (or shorebirds) and herons are also highly marine, living on the sea's edge (coast), but are also not treated as seabirds. Sea eagles and other fish-eating birds of prey are also typically excluded, however tied to marine environments they may be. Evolution and fossil record Seabirds, by virtue of living in a geologically depositional environ ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 17 Dec 2020 03:49:19 -0500 From: "Professional Drone" Subject: The perfect professional drone on a budget. The perfect professional drone on a budget. http://canvaspro.best/t0m5dqFovagBaH8O4DntUJqLm4mOIOwl8DHehLMRO9rynRLl http://canvaspro.best/Jkqa5heCQJ9UmZzXK3BXb6ISh2QB8C0TZC1fw1KDxvpRfxic ole is a stalk that attaches a leaf to the plant stem. In petiolate leaves, the leaf stalk (petiole) may be long, as in the leaves of celery and rhubarb, short or completely absent, in which case the blade attaches directly to the stem and is said to be sessile. Subpetiolate leaves have an extremely short petiole, and may appear sessile.:157 The broomrape family Orobanchaceae is an example of a family in which the leaves are always sessile.:639 In some other plant groups, such as the speedwell genus Veronica, petiolate and sessile leaves may occur in different species.:584 In the grasses (Poaceae) the leaves are apetiolate, but the leaf blade may be narrowed at the junction with the leaf sheath to form a pseudopetiole, as in Pseudosasa japonica.:391 In plants with compound leaves, the leaflets are attached to a continuation of the petiole called the rachis.:98 Each leaflet may be attached to the rachis by a short stalk called the petiolule.:87 There may be swollen regions at either end of the petiole known as pulvina (singular=pulvinus):97 that are composed of a flexible tissue that allows leaf movement. Pulvina are common in the bean family Fabaceae and the prayer plant family Marantaceae. A pulvinus on a petiolule is called a pulvinulus. In some plants, the petioles are flattened and widened, to become phyllodes or phyllodia, or cladophylls and the true leaves may be reduced or absent. Thus, the phyllode comes to serve the functions of the leaf. Phyllodes are common in the genus Acacia, especially the Australian species, at one time put in Acacia subgenus Phyllodineae. Acacia koa with phyllode between the branch and the compound leaves In Acacia koa, the phyllodes are leathery and thick, allowing the tree to survive stressful environments. The petiole allows partially submerged hydrophytes to have leaves floating at different depths, the petiole being between the node and the stem. In plants such as rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum), celery (Apium graveolens), artichokes and cardoons (Cynara cardunculus) the petioles ("stalks" or "ribs") are cultivated as edible crops. The petiole of rhub ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 17 Dec 2020 05:10:12 -0500 From: "Tinnitus Terminator" Subject: Man Clears Tinnitus Overnight By Listening To THIS Music Man Clears Tinnitus Overnight By Listening To THIS Music http://tinnitusterminator.best/l7LChSq_xrPIN3PckdlzT65IqrhA0_6hjfd39BP3zgMRxGRJ http://tinnitusterminator.best/4HU9F7WVf9EalxKHiCwqDhQCB4y4fu1h9j_iaS1arFFKs79K ssure's actions on extensible cell walls is usually said to be the driving force of growth within the cell. An increase of turgor pressure causes expansion of cells and extension of apical cells, pollen tubes, and in other plant structures such as root tips. Cell expansion and an increase in turgor pressure is due to inward diffusion of water into the cell, and turgor pressure increases due to the increasing volume of vacuolar sap. A growing root cell's turgor pressure can be up to 0.6 MPa, which is over three times that of a car tire. Epidermal cells in a leaf can have pressures ranging from 1.5 to 2.0 MPa. As plants can operate at such high pressures, this can explain why they can grow through asphalt and other hard surfaces. Turgidity Turgidity is observed in a cell where the cell membrane is pushed against the cell wall. In some plants, their cell walls loosen at a quicker rate than water can cross the membrane, which results in a cell with lower turgor pressure. Stomata Open stomata on the left and closed stomata on the right Turgor pressure within the stomata regulates when the stomata can open and close, which has a play in transpiration rates of the plant. This is also important because this function regulates water loss within the plant. Lower turgor pressure can mean that the cell has a low water concentration and closing the stomata would help to preserve water. High turgor pressure keeps the stomata open for gas exchanges necessary for photosynthesis. Mimosa pudica Mimosa pudica It has been concluded that loss of turgor pres ------------------------------ End of alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #5507 **********************************************