From: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org (alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest) To: ammf-digest@smoe.org Subject: alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #5259 Reply-To: ammf@fruvous.com Sender: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Errors-To: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Precedence: bulk alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest Thursday, November 5 2020 Volume 14 : Number 5259 Today's Subjects: ----------------- Get A GENEROUS $20 NO DEPOSIT BONUS ["BoVegas" <**BoVegas**@cleanpro.guru] ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Thu, 5 Nov 2020 12:23:36 -0500 From: "BoVegas" <**BoVegas**@cleanpro.guru> Subject: Get A GENEROUS $20 NO DEPOSIT BONUS Get A GENEROUS $20 NO DEPOSIT BONUS http://cleanpro.guru/RsIR2lwOKSMmSzotC-Jf2ltjhgVGaxzsYHuHcHq9EwlPMXrx http://cleanpro.guru/ebZNiLQeMRE5zcFtvw9vL3W5Y8svlef6S8hLJOT_YCybXrXQ Many populations capable of forming cooperative hunting groups may not necessarily do so if their group is too small or too large for this behavior to be favorable. Group size is an important indicator of specific instances of cooperative hunting, as the prey must be large enough and the hunting group small enough to provide enough food for all individuals. Another important consideration is that when groups grow larger, there is a greater chance that individuals will engage in a cheater strategy. If there is consistently too much cheating in a group, individuals will prefer to hunt alone so they do not have to share their meal with freeloaders. There may be costs that set an upper limit on group size. The net benefits increase as a function of pack size, as more animals in a group are theoretically able to obtain more meat. However, in African wild dogs, researchers found that the most common group size was not the group size that maximized net benefits. Instead, because larger packs must travel farther to get more food, there are travelling costs associated with larger groups. Thus, African wild dogs optimize a more appropriate currency: the amount of meat gained per dog per kilometer traveled, instead of the amount of meat gained per dog per day as the latter does not take into account the costs of hunting. This research successfully demonstrates that varying ecological variables are responsible for the difference in optimum group size among cooperatively hunting animals. Division of labor Division of labor, with each team member performing a subtask to complete an objective, is found in many species. It has been shown that animals that forage and hunt cooperatively in groups often adopt specialized roles during a hunting event, which can vary widely among different species. Division of labor among cooperatively hunting species occurs along a continuum, ranging from species in which individuals never differentiate into specific roles to species in which individuals specialize into different roles that they always perform ------------------------------ End of alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #5259 **********************************************