From: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org (alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest) To: ammf-digest@smoe.org Subject: alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #5166 Reply-To: ammf@fruvous.com Sender: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Errors-To: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Precedence: bulk alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest Tuesday, October 20 2020 Volume 14 : Number 5166 Today's Subjects: ----------------- Refinance for cash or better rates ["Mortgage Rates" Subject: Refinance for cash or better rates Refinance for cash or better rates http://makeyour.today/CivsrnXSVBd0w9vXcyQriMC-IgHtQm1ixrxrF_ycAnCIs1PP http://makeyour.today/mbhuEMGXSylZCWMt9lCxuMqXvC5pvG-zOTWbYpN-XlQgjMVA Layers are one of the tools used to design functional ecosystems that are both sustainable and of direct benefit to humans. A mature ecosystem has a huge number of relationships between its component parts: trees, understory, ground cover, soil, fungi, insects, and animals. Because plants grow to different heights, a diverse community of life is able to grow in a relatively small space, as the vegetation occupies different layers. There are seven basic layers in a food forest, but there can be many more, for instance, some practitioners include fungi as a layer. The canopy: the tallest trees in the system. Large trees dominate, but typically do not saturate the area, i.e., there exist patches devoid of trees. Understory layer: trees that flourish in the dappled light under the canopy. Shrub layer: a diverse layer of woody perennials of limited height. Includes most berry bushes. Herbaceous layer: Plants in this layer die back to the ground every winter, if cold enough. They do not produce woody stems as the Shrub layer does. Many culinary and medicinal herbs are in this layer. A large variety of beneficial plants fall into this layer. May be annuals, biennials or perennials. Soil surface/Groundcover: There is some overlap with the Herbaceous layer and the Groundcover layer; however plants in this layer grow much closer to the ground, grow densely to fill bare patches of soil, and often can tolerate some foot traffic. Cover crops retain soil and lessen erosion, along with green manures that add nutrients and organic matter to the soil, especially nitrogen. Rhizosphere: Root layers within the soil. The major components of this layer are the soil and the organisms that live within it such as plant roots and rhizomes (including root crops such as potatoes and other edible tubers), fungi, insects, nematodes, worms, etc. Vertical layer: climbers or vines, such as runner beans and lima beans (vine varieties). Guilds A guild is a group of species within which each provides a unique set of diverse functions that work in conjunction or harmony. There are many forms of guilds, including guilds of plants with similar functions that could interchange within an ecosystem, but the most common perception is that of a mutual support guild. Mutual support guilds are groups of ------------------------------ End of alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #5166 **********************************************