From: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org (alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest) To: ammf-digest@smoe.org Subject: alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #4987 Reply-To: ammf@fruvous.com Sender: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Errors-To: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Precedence: bulk alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest Tuesday, September 22 2020 Volume 14 : Number 4987 Today's Subjects: ----------------- TO TURN YOUR HANDGUN INTO A SNIPER RIFLE! ["Gun Laser" Subject: TO TURN YOUR HANDGUN INTO A SNIPER RIFLE! TO TURN YOUR HANDGUN INTO A SNIPER RIFLE! http://might.guru/O_N6RRxfqh2ZY4JLaO0ipJ9Gf4ARz07sCG7Qv3yV-3PLEk06 http://might.guru/MN-hqQN8r-SMcL0Gw1aflOoxpAHrr0W8srIGiAbhST40oc3D The term word, and the system of ideas associated with it, was coined in 1796 by Antoine Destutt de Tracy while in prison pending trial during the Reign of Terror, where he read the works of Locke and Condillac. Hoping to form a secure foundation for the moral and political sciences, Tracy devised the term for a "science of ideas," basing such upon two things: the sensations that people experience as they interact with the material world; and the ideas that form in their minds due to those sensations. He conceived ideology as a liberal philosophy that would defend individual liberty, property, free markets, and constitutional limits on state power. He argues that, among these aspects, ideology is the most generic term because the 'science of ideas' also contains the study of their expression and deduction. The coup that overthrew Maximilien Robespierre allowed Tracy to pursue his work. Tracy reacted to the terroristic phase of the revolution (during the Napoleonic regime) by trying to work out a rational system of ideas to oppose the irrational mob impulses that had nearly destroyed him. Perhaps the most accessible source for the near-original meaning of ideology is Hippolyte Taine's work on the Ancien RC)gime, Origins of Contemporary France I. He describes ideology as rather like teaching philosophy via the Socratic method, though without extending the vocabulary beyond what the general reader already possessed, and without the examples from observation that practical science would require. Taine identifies it not just with Destutt De Tracy, but also with his milieu, and includes Condillac as one of its precursors. Napoleon Bonaparte came to view ideology as a term of abuse, which he often hurled against his liberal foes in Tracy's Institutional. According to Karl Mannheim's historical reconstruction of the shifts in the meaning of ideology, the modern meaning of the word was born when Napoleon used it to describe his opponents as "the ideologues." Tracy's major book, The Elements of Ideology, was soon translated into the major languages of Europe. In the century following Tracy, the term ideology moved back and forth between positive and negative connotations. During this next generation, when post-Napoleonic governments adopted a reactionary stance, influenced the Italian, Spanish and Russian thinkers who had begun to describe themselves as "liberals" and who attempted to reignite revolutionary ------------------------------ End of alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #4987 **********************************************