From: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org (alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest) To: ammf-digest@smoe.org Subject: alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #4264 Reply-To: ammf@fruvous.com Sender: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Errors-To: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Precedence: bulk alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest Monday, June 1 2020 Volume 14 : Number 4264 Today's Subjects: ----------------- Your family's safety and comfort is not something to ta... ["Mosquitron" ] ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Mon, 1 Jun 2020 10:21:21 -0400 From: "Mosquitron" Subject: Your family's safety and comfort is not something to ta... Your family's safety and comfort is not something to ta... http://maxxd.guru/fhsV8RGEhKU2E5iog8s_i0_rGDbTVH7yon9CNh95uXh72Q-V http://maxxd.guru/ocPCEwczP3-lolzJ0aH-ysC0q2whcyWMqbbX_ix7pdS54I8Y divergent These complex systems are not used much in morphological descriptions of taxa, but have usefulness in plant identification, although criticized as being unduly burdened with jargon. An older, even simpler system, used in some flora uses only two categories, open and closed. Open: Higher order veins have free endings among the cells and are more characteristic of non-monocotyledon angiosperms. They are more likely to be associated with leaf shapes that are toothed, lobed or compound. They may be subdivided as; Pinnate (feather-veined) leaves, with a main central vein or rib (midrib), from which the remainder of the vein system arises Palmate, in which three or more main ribs rise together at the base of the leaf, and diverge upward. Dichotomous, as in ferns, where the veins fork repeatedly Closed: Higher order veins are connected in loops without ending freely among the cells. These tend to be in leaves with smooth outlines, and are characteristic of monocotyledons. They may be subdivided into whether the veins run parallel, as in grasses, or have other patterns. Other descriptive terms There are also many other descriptive terms, often with very specialized usage and confined to specific taxonomic groups. The conspicuousness of veins depends on a number of features. These include the width of the veins, their prominence in relation to the lamina surface and the degree of opacity of the surface, which may hide finer veins. In this regard, veins are called obscure and the order of veins that are obscured and whether upper, lower or both surfaces, further specified. Terms that describe vein prominence include bullate, channelled, flat, guttered, impressed, prominent and recessed (Fig. 6.1 Hawthorne & Lawrence 2013). Veins may show different types of prominence in different areas of the leaf. For instance Pimenta racemosa has a channelled midrib on the upper surfae, but this is prominent on the lower surface. Describing vein prominence: Bullate Surface of leaf raised in a series of domes between the veins on the upper surface, and therefore also with marked depressions. e.g. Rytigynia pauciflora, Vitis vinifera Channelled (canalicululate) Veins sunken below the surface, resulting in a rounded channel. Sometimes confused with "guttered" because the channels may function as gutters for rain to run off and allow drying, as in many Melastomataceae. e.g. (see) Pimenta racemosa (Myrtaceae), Clidemia hirta (Melastomataceae). Guttered Veins partly prominent, the crest above the leaf lamina surface, but with channels running along each side, like gutters Impressed Vein forming raised line or ridge which lies below the plane of the surface which bears it, as if pressed into it, and are often exposed on the lower surface. Tissue near the veins often appears to pucker, giving them a sunken or embossed appearance ------------------------------ End of alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #4264 **********************************************