From: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org (alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest) To: ammf-digest@smoe.org Subject: alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #4189 Reply-To: ammf@fruvous.com Sender: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Errors-To: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Precedence: bulk alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest Tuesday, May 19 2020 Volume 14 : Number 4189 Today's Subjects: ----------------- Switch to Liberty Mutual and you could save ["Liberty Mutual Insurance" <] ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Tue, 19 May 2020 09:46:52 -0400 From: "Liberty Mutual Insurance" Subject: Switch to Liberty Mutual and you could save Switch to Liberty Mutual and you could save http://immunity.guru/2uEUI9jZqVAAPzRAbgP3k2VvLl-0u9fAGgT5Jbghadc8Y0aU http://immunity.guru/oMDVLuVHlU6S7II6bS1AufJyGsB0a-n_RtbWNOKhnY8TkTNo he United States Navy, unlike most other navies, the first ship in a class to be authorized by Congress is the designated class leader and gives the name to the class, regardless of the order in which the ships of that class are laid down, launched or commissioned. Due to numbering conventions the lead ship almost always has the lowest hull number of her class. (During World War II the award of construction contracts was not always congruent with completion, so many ships had higher hull numbers than later-class ships.) This is a popular naming convention in both naval and non-naval circles alike and Star Trek uses the same convention. Before the 1920s naval vessels were classified according to shared characteristics, as evidenced by the Navy's own "Standard Nomemclature for Naval Vessels: General Order No. 541, 17 July 1920". Nonetheless, it has not prevented naval historians and scholars to retro-apply the current convention to historical naval vessels sharing similarities, those of the American Civil War for example, where the Union Navy in particular had built several vessels in series, which can be typified as "classes" as presently understood. Popular retconned examples included the Passaic-class monitor and the City-class ironclad, among many others, for the Union side, whereas historians have coined vessels as being Columbia-class or Richmond-class, for those ironclads in service with the Confederate States Navy. Generally accepted by military historians and widely used in the more recent books, webpages and papers on the subject matter (most notably the releases of Osprey Publishing), these latter-day classifications are sometimes, but still unjustified, considered "semi-official". Contemporary records themselves however, show that the modern nomenclature was not in use at the time and never has been, certainly not in a formal sense as was unequivocally exemplified by the complete ships listing in "Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion" (Series 2, Volume 1, Part 1), where vessels were classified according to the oldfashioned descriptive conventions. The unofficial retro-applying of ship classes can in some cases lead to confusion with researches. For example, while American reference works consistently adhere to the City-class and Columbia-class monikers, works of British origins (again, those of Osprey in particular) refer to the same classes as Cairo-class and Tennessee-class respectively, in compliance with the modern Royal Navy naming conventions.[citation needed] Yet, by the time the United States entered World War II, the naming convention was firmly in place, implying the practice had been formalized some time after July 1920, though it remains unclear as to exactly how and when the practice originated.[citation needed] Merchant vessel class Merchant ships are almost always classed by a classification society. These vessels are said to be in class when their hull, structures, machinery, and equipment conform to International Maritime Organization and MARPOL standards. Vessels out of class may be uninsurable and/or not permitted to sail by other agencies. A vessel's class may include endorsements for the type of cargo su ------------------------------ End of alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #4189 **********************************************