From: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org (alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest) To: ammf-digest@smoe.org Subject: alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #3821 Reply-To: ammf@fruvous.com Sender: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Errors-To: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Precedence: bulk alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest Tuesday, March 24 2020 Volume 14 : Number 3821 Today's Subjects: ----------------- Infrared Thermometer Non-Contact Temperature ["Terry" Subject: Infrared Thermometer Non-Contact Temperature Infrared Thermometer Non-Contact Temperature http://thermosani.uno/xnrGiCw8a85OKIOCMS_GLla3UEqkWbG6-ItHMwhkR3uod14S http://thermosani.uno/ssuz1A_CMgnRtxTRQ5IQKCe3tdvprFqV7IN1ST-njDagJNqa Habsburg Spain refers to Spain over the 16th and 17th centuries (1516b1700), when it was ruled by kings from the House of Habsburg (also associated with its role in the history of Central and Eastern Europe). The Habsburg rulers (chiefly Charles I and Philip II) reached the zenith of their influence and power. They controlled territory that included the Americas, the East Indies, the Low Countries and territories now in France and Germany in Europe, the Portuguese Empire from 1580 to 1640, and various other territories such as small enclaves like Ceuta and Oran in North Africa. This period of Spanish history has also been referred to as the "Age of Expansion". Under the Habsburgs, Spain dominated Europe politically and militarily for much of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries but experienced a gradual decline of influence in the second half of the seventeenth century under the later Habsburg kings. The Habsburg years also ushered in the Spanish Golden Age of cultural efflorescence. Among the most outstanding figures of this period were Teresa of Cvila, Pedro CalderC3n de la Barca, Miguel de Cervantes, El Greco, Domingo de Soto, Francisco SuC!rez, Diego VelC!zquez, and Francisco de Vitoria. Part of a series on the History of Spain Arms of Spain (1868-1870 and 1873-1874).svg Historical Spanish Coat of Arms Prehistory Early history Christian kingdoms Hispanic Monarchy Bourbon reformation Peninsular War Reign of Ferdinand VII Reign of Isabella II Sexenio DemocrC!tico 20th century Topic Timeline Flag of Spain.svg Spain portal vte Arms of Charles I, representing his territories in Spain (top) and his other European possessions (bottom) "Spain" or "the Spains" in this period covered the entire peninsula, politically a confederacy comprising several nominally independent kingdoms or realms in personal union: Aragon, Castile, LeC3n, Navarre and, from 1580, Portugal. In some cases, these individual kingdoms themselves were confederations, such as the Crown of Aragon, the Principality of Catalonia, the Kingdom of Valencia, and the Kingdom of Majorca. The marriage of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon in 1469 had enabled the union of two of the greatest of these kingdoms, Castile and AragC3n, which led to their largely successful campaign against the Moors (reconquista), peaking at the conquest of Granada in 1492. Isabella and Ferdinand were bestowed the title of Most Catholic Monarchs by Pope Alexander VI in 1496, and the term Monarchia Catholica (Catholic Monarchy, Modern Spanish: MonarquC-a CatC3lica) remained in use for the monarchy under the Spanish Habsburgs. The Habsburg period is formative of the notion of "Spain" in the sense that was institutionalized in the 18th century. From the 17th century, during and after the end of the I ------------------------------ End of alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #3821 **********************************************