From: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org (alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest) To: ammf-digest@smoe.org Subject: alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #15810 Reply-To: ammf@fruvous.com Sender: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Errors-To: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Precedence: bulk alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest Tuesday, April 1 2025 Volume 14 : Number 15810 Today's Subjects: ----------------- The Military's Secret Sleep Hack (Works in 60 Seconds) ["Despair to Disco] Your grandparents didn't panic when food ran short ["Survival" Subject: The Military's Secret Sleep Hack (Works in 60 Seconds) The Military's Secret Sleep Hack (Works in 60 Seconds) http://healthenroll.za.com/xQVxrK2_Kx6llXsErzTgkgOLG-AiIU6EW-c9rD01_fA42SdfUg http://healthenroll.za.com/UpFM3LUA7x7CvFbMUe0xa334tgbIH5iRKFgbkOLC_ymaFH9fzw loped by Francis Willughby and John Ray in their 1676 volume Ornithologiae. Carl Linnaeus modified that work in 1758 to devise the taxonomic classification system currently in use. Birds are categorised as the biological class Aves in Linnaean taxonomy. Phylogenetic taxonomy places Aves in the clade Theropoda as an infraclass or more recently a subclass or class. Definition Aves and a sister group, the order Crocodilia, contain the only living representatives of the reptile clade Archosauria. During the late 1990s, Aves was most commonly defined phylogenetically as all descendants of the most recent common ancestor of modern birds and Archaeopteryx lithographica. However, an earlier definition proposed by Jacques Gauthier gained wide currency in the 21st century, and is used by many scientists including adherents to the PhyloCode. Gauthier defined Aves to include only the crown group of the set of modern birds. This was done by excluding most groups known only from fossils, and assigning them, instead, to the broader group Avialae, on the principle that a clade based on extant species should be limited to those extant species and their closest extinct relatives. Gauthier and de Queiroz identified four different definitions for the same biological name "Aves", which is a problem. The authors proposed to reserve the term Aves only for the cro ------------------------------ Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2025 09:00:54 -0500 From: "Survival" Subject: Your grandparents didn't panic when food ran short Your grandparents didn't panic when food ran short http://trichofol.ru.com/VEef0M85g4FjbdjTgj7aD2SvQWxrtB6_gUayDYON2jC69Y5eRA http://trichofol.ru.com/2HsEGj9xXoyiC3dsMkHG4pLBu2C3cHIWIFb5rjg9L9sxlBKRiQ rding to some estimates, modern birds (Neornithes) evolved in the Late Cretaceous or between the Early and Late Cretaceous (100 Ma) and diversified dramatically around the time of the CretaceousbPaleogene extinction event 66 million years ago, which killed off the pterosaurs and all non-ornithuran dinosaurs. Many social species preserve knowledge across generations (culture). Birds are social, communicating with visual signals, calls, and songs, and participating in such behaviour as cooperative breeding and hunting, flocking, and mobbing of predators. The vast majority of bird species are socially (but not necessarily sexually) monogamous, usually for one breeding season at a time, sometimes for years, and rarely for life. Other species have breeding systems that are polygynous (one male with many females) or, rarely, polyandrous (one female with many males). Birds produce offspring by laying eggs which are fertilised through sexual reproduction. They are usually laid in a nest and incubated by the parents. Most birds have an extended period of parental care after hatching. Many species of birds are economically important as food for human consumption and raw material in manufacturing, with domesticated and undomesticated birds being important sources of eggs, meat, and feathers. Songbirds, parrots, and other species are popular as pets. Guano (bird excrement) is harvested for use as a fertiliser. Birds figure throughout human culture. About 120 to 130 species have become extinct due to human activity since the 17th century, and hundreds more before then. Human activity threatens about 1,200 bird species with extinction, though effor ------------------------------ End of alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #15810 ***********************************************