From: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org (alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest) To: ammf-digest@smoe.org Subject: alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #15793 Reply-To: ammf@fruvous.com Sender: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Errors-To: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Precedence: bulk alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest Monday, March 31 2025 Volume 14 : Number 15793 Today's Subjects: ----------------- Burning, Numbness & Pins and Needles? Try THIS... ["Wellness Daily" ] Enter to Win a Dewalt XTREME Drill Today ["Tractor Supply Feedback" Subject: Burning, Numbness & Pins and Needles? Try THIS... Burning, Numbness & Pins and Needles? Try THIS... http://endurance.za.com/MJQsdMyEET0BmVePEl6Ldr4u8aluoAH0KTkPRORryHifQXeFNA http://endurance.za.com/-Gs-c03W8FXp4uwv6p0-nmnRxu_7jIakgUKA66gU96f7ERmoFA odern birds but estimates range from the Early Cretaceous to the latest Cretaceous. Similarly, there is no agreement on whether most of the early diversification of modern birds occurred in the Cretaceous and associated with breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana or occurred later and potentially as a consequence of the CretaceousbPalaeogene extinction event. This disagreement is in part caused by a divergence in the evidence; most molecular dating studies suggests a Cretaceous evolutionary radiation, while fossil evidence points to a Cenozoic radiation (the so-called 'rocks' versus 'clocks' controversy). The discovery in 2005 of Vegavis from the Maastrichtian, the last stage of the Late Cretaceous, proved that the diversification of modern birds started before the Cenozoic era. The affinities of an earlier fossil, the possible galliform Austinornis lentus, dated to about 85 million years ago, are still too controversial to provide a fossil evidence of modern bird diversification. In 2020, Asteriornis from the Maastrichtian was described, it appears to be a close relative of Galloanserae, the earliest diverging lineage within Neognathae. Attempts to reconcile molecular and fossil evidence using genomic-scale DNA data and comprehensive fossil information have not resolved the controversy. Howe ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2025 23:58:59 -0600 From: "Mrs. Sigrid" Subject: funds relief Heart greetings, I am Sigrid Rausing, a Swedish investor and philanthropist. Your e-mail address was provided by Google Inc. randomly selected as an active user on the web. This year, I decided to donate 5 percent of my wealth to both charities and individuals due to the coronavirus pandemic that has paralyzed the whole world. I am donating to you 1,000,000,00 Euros and I urge you to help someone around you with the little you can. Contact me on this email address: dilobaba88@gmail.com for more information. Regards. S.R ------------------------------ Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2025 05:50:40 +0200 From: "Tractor Supply Feedback" Subject: Enter to Win a Dewalt XTREME Drill Today Enter to Win a Dewalt XTREME Drill Today http://erecprimelife.best/U91B_AOyo6Dnb0LPFm52Vx96-C36pE20c7ccEpN5VzCAv8SZAg http://erecprimelife.best/ySjtpG2F9_JEJkvUNexXLDhOw3GADvy2AiGh73g4R2y9bZf0MA ume Ornithologiae. Carl Linnaeus modified that work in 1758 to devise the taxonomic classification system currently in use. Birds are categorised as the biological class Aves in Linnaean taxonomy. Phylogenetic taxonomy places Aves in the clade Theropoda as an infraclass or more recently a subclass or class. Definition Aves and a sister group, the order Crocodilia, contain the only living representatives of the reptile clade Archosauria. During the late 1990s, Aves was most commonly defined phylogenetically as all descendants of the most recent common ancestor of modern birds and Archaeopteryx lithographica. However, an earlier definition proposed by Jacques Gauthier gained wide currency in the 21st century, and is used by many scientists including adherents to the PhyloCode. Gauthier defined Aves to include only the crown group of the set of modern birds. This was done by excluding most groups known only from fossils, and assigning them, instead, to the broader group Avialae, on the principle that a clade based on extant species should be limited to those extant species and their closest extinct relatives. Gauthier and de Queiroz identified four different definitions for the same biological name "Aves", which is a problem. The authors proposed to reserve the term Aves only for the crown gro ------------------------------ Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2025 10:42:09 -0500 From: "TMobile Shopper Gift Opportunity" Subject: Congratulations! You can get a $100 Ace Hardware gift card! Congratulations! You can get a $100 Ace Hardware gift card! http://titanhealth.ru.com/3l_pfiP8pudAJ_K44U2Lr9azYETh1R5ZCJ2nE6O-BTsRjx6CRA http://titanhealth.ru.com/3d9EV0REl8xANuzs5uaNsNtIAahiWUCZVqCzkaMLUTeCQYxwrw rds and birds has become blurred. By the 2000s, discoveries in the Liaoning Province of northeast China, which demonstrated many small theropod feathered dinosaurs, contributed to this ambiguity. Anchiornis huxleyi is an important source of information on the early evolution of birds in the Late Jurassic period. The consensus view in contemporary palaeontology is that the flying theropods, or avialans, are the closest relatives of the deinonychosaurs, which include dromaeosaurids and troodontids. Together, these form a group called Paraves. Some basal members of Deinonychosauria, such as Microraptor, have features which may have enabled them to glide or fly. The most basal deinonychosaurs were very small. This evidence raises the possibility that the ancestor of all paravians may have been arboreal, have been able to glide, or both. Unlike Archaeopteryx and the non-avialan feathered dinosaurs, who primarily ate meat, studies suggest that the first avialans were omnivores. The Late Jurassic Archaeopteryx is well known as one of the first transitional fossils to be found, and it provided support for the theory of evolution in the late 19th century. Archaeopteryx was the first fossil to display both clearly traditional reptilian characteristicsbteeth, clawed fingers, and a long, lizard-like tailbas well as wings with flight feathers similar to those of modern bir ------------------------------ Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2025 04:04:26 +0200 From: "VNSH Mag Solutions" Subject: Want a Free MagMate? Want a Free MagMate? http://serviceplus.sa.com/04UKBAzz7DjTD91KSSY4pVYz8Pc4A3v6Pl7SKUBgZ_NZTDdfzg http://serviceplus.sa.com/ZA2BOEq8KbQQ770txwUIef4p3fohgDGvWP1fGBOno7QwMk4TGw trated many small theropod feathered dinosaurs, contributed to this ambiguity. Anchiornis huxleyi is an important source of information on the early evolution of birds in the Late Jurassic period. The consensus view in contemporary palaeontology is that the flying theropods, or avialans, are the closest relatives of the deinonychosaurs, which include dromaeosaurids and troodontids. Together, these form a group called Paraves. Some basal members of Deinonychosauria, such as Microraptor, have features which may have enabled them to glide or fly. The most basal deinonychosaurs were very small. This evidence raises the possibility that the ancestor of all paravians may have been arboreal, have been able to glide, or both. Unlike Archaeopteryx and the non-avialan feathered dinosaurs, who primarily ate meat, studies suggest that the first avialans were omnivores. The Late Jurassic Archaeopteryx is well known as one of the first transitional fossils to be found, and it provided support for the theory of evolution in the late 19th century. Archaeopteryx was the first fossil to display both clearly traditional reptilian characteristicsbteeth, clawed fingers, and a long, lizard-like tailbas well as wings with flight feathers similar to those of modern bi ------------------------------ Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2025 15:41:07 +0100 From: "Survival" Subject: Unlock the Power of 3D Solar Arrays Unlock the Power of 3D Solar Arrays http://backyard.ru.com/JM_BI5EiQ5gkxYhskflUxG1_IU1iSAGxtHcYSPoxQo7nEEifnw http://backyard.ru.com/6GC5EwL1JFZNkiAu_BnYnpOBICKxUJyxWlVEj-o-HPOpJP4ycg ves and a sister group, the order Crocodilia, contain the only living representatives of the reptile clade Archosauria. During the late 1990s, Aves was most commonly defined phylogenetically as all descendants of the most recent common ancestor of modern birds and Archaeopteryx lithographica. However, an earlier definition proposed by Jacques Gauthier gained wide currency in the 21st century, and is used by many scientists including adherents to the PhyloCode. Gauthier defined Aves to include only the crown group of the set of modern birds. This was done by excluding most groups known only from fossils, and assigning them, instead, to the broader group Avialae, on the principle that a clade based on extant species should be limited to those extant species and their closest extinct relatives. Gauthier and de Queiroz identified four different definitions for the same biological name "Aves", which is a problem. The authors proposed to reserve the term Aves only for the crown group consisting of the last common ancestor of all living birds and all of its descendants, which corresponds to meaning num ------------------------------ Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2025 21:14:13 -0500 From: "United Airlines Opinion Requested" Subject: Survey for a $100 United Airlines reward. Participation Required. Survey for a $100 United Airlines reward. Participation Required. http://baobabbliss.ru.com/yw5GBqwS0gvBdHzZ7Tcbz02EjjjFagG-aMZuPt5eUlEX0M3bcw http://baobabbliss.ru.com/k0t1ZHW9PQd1prPIZgo8ol3uoSdJX1HCgvhH7unvm_bvGrZnSQ xact definitions applied have been inconsistent. Avialae, initially proposed to replace the traditional fossil content of Aves, is often used synonymously with the vernacular term "bird" by these researchers. Maniraptoromorpha b Coelurus b Ornitholestes Maniraptoriformes b Ornithomimosauria Maniraptora b Alvarezsauridae Pennaraptora b Oviraptorosauria ?Paraves Cladogram showing the results of a phylogenetic study by Cau, 2018. Most researchers define Avialae as branch-based clade, though definitions vary. Many authors have used a definition similar to "all theropods closer to birds than to Deinonychus", with Troodon being sometimes added as a second external specifier in case it is closer to birds than to Deinonychus. Avialae is also occasionally defined as an apomorphy-based clade (that is, one based on physical characteristics). Jacques Gauthier, who named Avialae in 1986, re-defined it in 2001 as all dinosaurs that possessed feathered wings used in flapping flight, and the birds that descended from them. Despite being currently one of the most widely used, the crown-group definition of Aves has been criticised by some researchers. Lee and Spencer (1997) argued that, contrary to what Gauthier defended, this definition would not increase the stability of the clade and the exact content of Aves will always be uncertain because any defined clade (either crown or not) will have few synapomorphies dis ------------------------------ Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2025 07:51:55 +0200 From: "Your VIP Holster Alert" Subject: The Ultimate Holster for Riders & Drivers - 67% Off! The Ultimate Holster for Riders & Drivers - 67% Off! http://erecprimelife.best/fP1f-xd6zyTR9Kl1_S4qHTGKEeulzuEiuZZNuIrz_M_q0TDKKw http://erecprimelife.best/v47NQrkgVGfWVx1RNP24risSNq1Hoi9oSnm23AmtSLoXAfv7fw ds are feathered theropod dinosaurs and constitute the only known living dinosaurs. Likewise, birds are considered reptiles in the modern cladistic sense of the term, and their closest living relatives are the crocodilians. Birds are descendants of the primitive avialans (whose members include Archaeopteryx) which first appeared during the Late Jurassic. According to some estimates, modern birds (Neornithes) evolved in the Late Cretaceous or between the Early and Late Cretaceous (100 Ma) and diversified dramatically around the time of the CretaceousbPaleogene extinction event 66 million years ago, which killed off the pterosaurs and all non-ornithuran dinosaurs. Many social species preserve knowledge across generations (culture). Birds are social, communicating with visual signals, calls, and songs, and participating in such behaviour as cooperative breeding and hunting, flocking, and mobbing of predators. The vast majority of bird species are socially (but not necessarily sexually) monogamous, usually for one breeding season at a time, sometimes for years, and rarely for life. Other species have breeding systems that are polygynous (one male with many females) or, rarely, polyandrous (one female with many males). Birds produce offspring by laying eggs which are fertilised throu ------------------------------ End of alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #15793 ***********************************************