From: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org (alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest) To: ammf-digest@smoe.org Subject: alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #15635 Reply-To: ammf@fruvous.com Sender: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Errors-To: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Precedence: bulk alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest Friday, February 28 2025 Volume 14 : Number 15635 Today's Subjects: ----------------- Kroger's Special Offer: $50 for Your Honest Opinion! ["Kroger Shopper Rew] Need a Timeshare Exit Solution? ["BeFreeOfYourTimeshare.com" Subject: Kroger's Special Offer: $50 for Your Honest Opinion! Kroger's Special Offer: $50 for Your Honest Opinion! http://gluco.best/az_csHGognwbzh7nWxFn2B2vRa8eRf07bNPkRvdl_Fho6-J4CA http://gluco.best/2Ir30ajluGW1bn5OWhxkUtV20XDQDoUZ8LFUyiMWkynFhm7vpA s in other reptiles, the skin of lizards is covered in overlapping scales made of keratin. This provides protection from the environment and reduces water loss through evaporation. This adaptation enables lizards to thrive in some of the driest deserts on earth. The skin is tough and leathery, and is shed (sloughed) as the animal grows. Unlike snakes which shed the skin in a single piece, lizards slough their skin in several pieces. The scales may be modified into spines for display or protection, and some species have bone osteoderms underneath the scales. Red tegu (Tupinambis rufescens) skull, showing teeth of differing types The dentitions of lizards reflect their wide range of diets, including carnivorous, insectivorous, omnivorous, herbivorous, nectivorous, and molluscivorous. Species typically have uniform teeth suited to their diet, but several species have variable teeth, such as cutting teeth in the front of the jaws and crushing teeth in the rear. Most species are pleurodont, though agamids and chameleons are acrodont. The tongue can be extended outside the mouth, and is often long. In the beaded lizards, whiptails and monitor lizards, the tongue is forked and used mainly or exclusively to sense the environment, continually flicking out to sample the environment, and back to transfer molecules to the vomeronasal organ responsible for chemosensation, analogous to but different from smell or taste. In geckos, the tongue is used to lick the eyes clean: they have no eyelids. Chameleons have very long sticky tongues which can be extended rapidly to catch their insect prey. Three lineages, the geckos, anoles, and chameleons, have modified the scales under their toes to form adhesive pads, highly prominent in the first two groups. The pads are composed of millions of tiny setae (hair-like structures) which fit closely to the substrate to adhere using van d ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2025 14:26:40 +0100 From: "BeFreeOfYourTimeshare.com" Subject: Need a Timeshare Exit Solution? Need a Timeshare Exit Solution? http://gutshealth.shop/Nntc3v-mVvMGTclFzbb4hz8Hic99WW-RF23yFbYrViGGuG-kpA http://gutshealth.shop/8I8RfbrUAdwgc-6mN5MGLndDeTe2Wc25zUahlUmW-iFOVsNnHg nd, in fact, controls the flood stage of the larger Belize River. This effect of simultaneous peak flow is further enhanced by the radial geometry of the lower Macal Basin tributaries, encouraging all sub-basin flow to reach the mainstem at approximately the same time. Ecology Lower Macal watershed. The Macal River winds through large expanses of primary and secondary growth broadleaf tropical forest, including a substantial tract of the Chiquibul Forest Reserve and National Park The watershed consists of closed canopy upland forests as well as a fertile floodplain, which is often overgrown with dense jungle vegetation trailing into the verges of the river itself. Considerable biodiversity is found within the Macal River catchment basin, including megafauna, avafauna, fish, reptiles, amphibians, as well as smaller mammals, arthropods and plants. The Macal watershed is habitat to over a dozen rare and endangered species.[citation needed] Two Important threatened megafauna found here are the jaguar, Panthera onca, and Belize's largest land animal, Baird's tapir, Tapirus bairdii, which is also the national animal of Belize. There is abundant birdlife in the Macal Basin; for example, in the Mountain Pine Ridge sub-watershed alone are found: the rufous-capped warbler, crossbill, pine siskin and eastern bluebird. Between autumn and spring, the hepatic tanager and chipping sparrow are also evident. Raptors hunt am ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2025 13:49:25 +0100 From: "Ace Hardware Feedback & Rewards" Subject: Your Chance to Earn Ace Hardware Stanley Tool Set â Act Fast! Your Chance to Earn Ace Hardware Stanley Tool Set b Act Fast! http://icecreami.ru.com/PvNiSewGgef2H3ZYAXYQw7i6P8mJEoI5lgS2e_h8fTa72FHOag http://icecreami.ru.com/jwzQWOqKDKTNm-WIMyp12QBhyyc32tMkWCM1fJTz53w08qKmSg akes and many mammals, all lizards have a specialised olfactory system, the vomeronasal organ, used to detect pheromones. Monitor lizards transfer scent from the tip of their tongue to the organ; the tongue is used only for this information-gathering purpose, and is not involved in manipulating food. Skeleton of bearded dragon (pogona sp.) on display at the Museum of Osteology. Some lizards, particularly iguanas, have retained a photosensory organ on the top of their heads called the parietal eye, a basal ("primitive") feature also present in the tuatara. This "eye" has only a rudimentary retina and lens and cannot form images, but is sensitive to changes in light and dark and can detect movement. This helps them detect predators stalking it from above. Venom Some lizards including the Gila monster are venomous. Further information: Evolution of snake venom Until 2006 it was thought that the Gila monster and the Mexican beaded lizard were the only venomous lizards. However, several species of monitor lizards, including the Komodo dragon, produce powerful venom in their oral glands. Lace monitor venom, for instance, causes swift loss of consciousness and extensive bleeding through its pharmacological effects, both lowering blood pressure and preventing blood clotting. Nine classes of toxin known from snakes are produced by lizards. The range of actions provides the potential for new medicinal drugs based on lizard venom proteins. Genes associated with venom toxins have been found in the salivary glands of a wide range of lizards, including species traditionally thought of as non-venomous, such as iguanas and bearded dragons. This suggests that these genes evolved in the common ancestor of lizards and snakes, some 200 million years ago (forming a single clade, the Toxicofera). However, most of these putative venom genes were "housekeeping genes" found in all cells and tissues, including skin and cloacal scent glands. The genes in question may thus be evolutionary precursors of venom genes. Respiration Recent studies (2013 and 2014) on the lung anatomy of the savannah monitor and green iguana found them to have a unidirectional airflow system, which involves the air moving in a loop through the lungs when breathing. This was previously thought to only exist in the archosaurs (crocodilians and birds). This may be evidence that unidirectional airflow is an ancestral trait in diapsids. Reproduction and life cycle Trachylepis maculilabris skinks mating As with all amniotes, lizards rely on internal fertilisation and copulation involves the male inserting one of his hemipenes into the female's cloaca. Female lizards also have hemiclitorises, a doubled clitoris. The majority of species are oviparous (egg laying). The female deposits the eggs in a protective structu ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2025 11:46:05 +0100 From: "Top Medicinal Plants" Subject: ou Won't Believe What Kept the Wild West Alive ou Won't Believe What Kept the Wild West Alive http://gluco.best/yqzajHntULBZ-429jp15_JRgvZOaqD8HsOBNaOhOpDMJenClfg http://gluco.best/QpkZ5ia9nqmU8or6StJaIjs7GOF8TVMsvekD2lySFAwBdPtniA zard is the common name used for all squamate reptiles other than snakes (and to a lesser extent amphisbaenians), encompassing over 7,000 species, ranging across all continents except Antarctica, as well as most oceanic island chains. The grouping is paraphyletic as some lizards are more closely related to snakes than they are to other lizards. Lizards range in size from chameleons and geckos a few centimeters long to the 3-meter-long Komodo dragon. Most lizards are quadrupedal, running with a strong side-to-side motion. Some lineages (known as "legless lizards") have secondarily lost their legs, and have long snake-like bodies. Some lizards, such as the forest-dwelling Draco, are able to glide. They are often territorial, the males fighting off other males and signalling, often with bright colours, to attract mates and to intimidate rivals. Lizards are mainly carnivorous, often being sit-and-wait predators; many smaller species eat insects, while the Komodo eats mammals as big as water buffalo. Lizards make use of a variety of antipredator adaptations, including venom, camouflage, reflex bleeding, and the ability to sacrifice and regrow their tails. Anatomy Largest and smallest The adult length of species within the suborder ranges from a few centimeters for chameleons such as Brookesia micra and geckos such as Sphaerodactylus ariasae to nearly 3 m (10 ft) in the case of the largest living varanid lizard, the Komodo dragon. Most lizards are fairly small animals. Distinguishing features A young Mediterranean house gecko in the process of moulting. Lizards typically have rounded torsos, elevated heads on short necks, four limbs and long tails, although some are legless. Lizards and snakes share a movable quadrate bone, distinguishing them from the rhynchocephalians, which have more rigid diapsid skulls. Some lizards such as chameleons have prehensile tails, assis ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2025 13:06:10 +0100 From: "Pocket Hose" Subject: Early Black Friday Savings! Up to 50% Off Leak-Proof Pocket Hose Early Black Friday Savings! Up to 50% Off Leak-Proof Pocket Hose http://icecreami.ru.com/po6c4Y0i2Zdkt-57KSWtr6ECt10aKS1LttmJ3VZV2z80vjLz0Q http://icecreami.ru.com/Y4bRCMGAlRoEgfWN20-T8c4asKwpRc2qYzN9erBvLsSYTafsyQ de from legless lizards, most lizards are quadrupedal and move using gaits with alternating movement of the right and left limbs with substantial body bending. This body bending prevents significant respiration during movement, limiting their endurance, in a mechanism called Carrier's constraint. Several species can run bipedally, and a few can prop themselves up on their hindlimbs and tail while stationary. Several small species such as those in the genus Draco can glide: some can attain a distance of 60 metres (200 feet), losing 10 metres (33 feet) in height. Some species, like geckos and chameleons, adhere to vertical surfaces including glass and ceilings. Some species, like the common basilisk, can run across water. Senses Lizards make use of their senses of sight, touch, olfaction and hearing like other vertebrates. The balance of these varies with the habitat of different species; for instance, skinks that live largely covered by loose soil rely heavily on olfaction and touch, while geckos depend largely on acute vision for their ability to hunt and to evaluate the distance to their prey before striking. Monitor lizards have acute vision, hearing, and olfactory senses. Some lizards make unusual use of their sense organs: chameleons can steer their eyes in different directions, sometimes providing non-overlapping fields of view, such as forwards and backwards at once. Lizards lack external ears, having instead a circular opening in which the tympanic membrane (eardrum) can be seen. Many species rely on hearing for early warning of predators, and flee at the slightest soun ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2025 15:56:08 +0100 From: "Grounded Footwear" Subject: Barefoot Feel, Full Protection - Grounded Footwear is Now 50% Off! 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For the lower Macal River catchment (or Mountain Pine Ridge area), tributary streams are arranged radially to feed the mainstem; principal lower basin rivers are the Privassion, Rio On, Rio Frio, Mollejon, Chaa Creek and Cacao Camp. In the lower catchment basin, there is considerable overland friction to surface runoff due to the dense terrestrial detrititus and understory on the forest floor, even though the forest canopy itself is sometimes sparse. The retarded runoff of this lower sub-watershed allows the rapid peak runoff of the upper watershed to overtake the flow within Mountain Pine Ridge, forming an effective single massive peak wave, which exacerbates downstream flooding in the Belize River, and, in fact, controls the flood stage of the larger Belize River. This effect of simultaneous peak flow is further enhanced by the radial geometry of the lower Macal Basin tributaries, encouraging all sub-basin flow to reach the mainstem at approximately the sa ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2025 15:19:54 +0100 From: "Politics and My Portfolio" Subject: Your Mortgage Rate Reminder Your Mortgage Rate Reminder http://nervovives.ru.com/_X5nsliSFXbNUL3c9Scs3SUyhihE7cBT1nwDUMQl31N3kK5rFA http://nervovives.ru.com/etKpVhZV_8Z7Dm3wqpR27MFArHKlDF6PeElf7SXyMLnxyHRtRw pite being separated from males for over two years. Sex determination in lizards can be temperature-dependent. The temperature of the eggs' micro-environment can determine the sex of the hatched young: low temperature incubation produces more females while higher temperatures produce more males. However, some lizards have sex chromosomes and both male heterogamety (XY and XXY) and female heterogamety (ZW) occur. Aging A significant component of aging in the painted dragon lizard Ctenophorus pictus is fading breeding colors. By manipulating superoxide levels (using a superoxide dismutase mimetic) it was shown that this fading coloration is likely due to gradual loss with lizard age of an innate capacity for antioxidation due to increasing DNA damage. Behaviour Diurnality and thermoregulation The majority of lizard species are active during the day, though some are active at night, notably geckos. As ectotherms, lizards have a limited ability to regulate their body temperature, and must seek out and bask in sunlight to gain enough heat to become fully active. Thermoregulation behavior can be beneficial in the short term for lizards as it allows the ability to buffer environmental variation and endure climate warming. In high altitudes, the Podarcis hispaniscus responds to higher temperature with a darker dorsal coloration to prevent UV-radiation and background matching. Their thermoregulatory mechanisms also allow the lizard to maintain their ideal body temperature for optimal mobility. Territoriality Fighting male sand lizards Most social interactions among lizards are between breeding individuals. Territoriality is common and is correlated with species that use sit-and-wait hunting strategies. Males establish and maintain territories that contain resources that attract females and which they defend from other males. Important resources include basking, feedi ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2025 10:49:44 +0100 From: "Pet Insurance" Subject: Pay less for pet insurance. Get a custom quote. Pay less for pet insurance. Get a custom quote. http://livecare.ru.com/63J9FhOqYuJ4Lxn560BSfXozfugfhM4rcwKGYwH8J6KIuZiVxw http://livecare.ru.com/_wCotLpOd9XRQgXVVvmaCE13M1aff10N25Tp_mIYYs0CE_Ni e plentiful. Females control large territories, where they make several nests. Males compete for the females in an area and mark their won territory with a pheromone secreted from the femoral pores on the dorsal side of their hind limbs. Male behavior during sexual competition involves head bobbing, extending and retracting their dewlap, nuzzling and biting the necks of females, and on occasion, changing color. Once a female chooses a male, he straddles the female and holds her in place by biting onto her shoulder, which sometimes leaves scars on females. After copulation, eggs are laid within several nests and allowed to incubate. This low level of parental intervention with their offspring makes iguanas an example of r-strategy reproduction.[citation needed] Phylogeny A phylogeny based on nuclear protein-coding genes, reviewed by Vidal and Hedges (2009), suggested that the subclade Iguania is in a group with snakes and anguimorphs (lizards). These groups share an oral gland capable of secreting toxins (a derived trait). The phylogeny based on whole mitochondrial genomes, though, as proposed by Rest et al. (2003), places the green iguana as the closest relative of the mole skink (Plestiodon egregius). Lepidosaurs are reptiles with overlapping scales, and within this group both iguanians and tuataras (Sphenodon) project their tongues to seize prey items instead of using their jaws, which is called tongue prehension. Iguanians are the only lineage within the Squamata that display this trait, meaning that it was gained independently in both iguanians and tuataras. Iguanians are also the only squamates that primarily use their sight to identify and track prey rather than chemoreception or scent, and employ an ambush technique of catching prey instead of active searching. A study by Breuil et al. (2020) found the taxonomy of the genus Iguana as follows, with I. delicatissima being the most basal member of the g ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2025 13:46:00 +0100 From: "Survival Plants Disappearing" Subject: The Plants That Will Disappear First in a Crisis The Plants That Will Disappear First in a Crisis http://gutshealth.shop/ZJJCCvt0S0f1BNO9v7S_ZgEDmyOzrEn4v_19Uq8P_tnLH0jw9A http://gutshealth.shop/f0gRuf8Y_Tab79YINDy-cbuOxSWjZC3e_7fsFXUNxyl7L_egQQ en under the influence of Tikal or Caracol. The Mayan urban society collapsed in this watershed in the ninth century AD, likely related to the exhaustion of agricultural resources, or reaching of the limited carrying capacity of this region of nutrient poor soils, with possible aggravation of social factors. Ecotourism Whilst the highest reaches of the watershed are only accessible to the most hardy of hikers, the Mountain Pine Ridge area is available to travellers by auto (not bus). Most of the recreation in this reach is within the Mountain Pine Ridge Forest Reserve, a national Park of Belize. In addition to hiking trails into the wilderness, this reach is the location of Belize's largest limestone caverns, which allow subsurface exploration by tube flotation on the clear aquifers which are illuminated by occasional vertical light shafts reaching the surface. The most extensive of these aqueous caverns is the Rio Frio area. In the lowest reach there are a number of jungle resorts which offer access to the banks of the Macal for flotation or canoe trips to San Ignacio. Except for the peak flow periods of June to October, it is feasible to canoe upstream against the current in this reach. There are several rapids in the lower reach, but overall canoeing difficulty is only moderate. There is a replica working Mayan farm and a morpho butterfly preserve as well as a small May ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2025 14:34:10 +0100 From: "Serger Sewing Academy" Subject: Sew Beautifully with Your Serger: Join the Course Today! Sew Beautifully with Your Serger: Join the Course Today! http://nervovives.ru.com/Y06cU4FgyEb9XR1MagGx0-haqUk71SWwbZxPQWMKJZdQNm2HvQ http://nervovives.ru.com/4_OnUlUZzEGUSzaCdiP4-G8qgMDMqs_-EkjpXkb-y2km6VrOWg ke a nest or crevice or simply on the ground. Depending on the species, clutch size can vary from 4b5 percent of the females body weight to 40b50 percent and clutches range from one or a few large eggs to dozens of small ones. Two pictures of an eastern fence lizard egg layered onto one image. In most lizards, the eggs have leathery shells to allow for the exchange of water, although more arid-living species have calcified shells to retain water. Inside the eggs, the embryos use nutrients from the yolk. Parental care is uncommon and the female usually abandons the eggs after laying them. Brooding and protection of eggs do occur in some species. The female prairie skink uses respiratory water loss to maintain the humidity of the eggs which facilitates embryonic development. In lace monitors, the young hatch close to 300 days, and the female returns to help them escape the termite mound where the eggs were laid. Around 20 percent of lizard species reproduce via viviparity (live birth). This is particularly common in Anguimorphs. Viviparous species give birth to relatively developed young which look like miniature adults. Embryos are nourished via a placenta-like structure. A minority of lizards have parthenogenesis (reproduction from unfertilised eggs). These species consist of all females who reproduce asexually with no need for males. This is known to occur in various species of whiptail lizards. Parthenogenesis was also recorded in species that normally reproduce sexually. 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