From: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org (alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest) To: ammf-digest@smoe.org Subject: alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #15273 Reply-To: ammf@fruvous.com Sender: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Errors-To: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Precedence: bulk alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest Thursday, December 26 2024 Volume 14 : Number 15273 Today's Subjects: ----------------- Ear discomfort ruining your day? ["Tvidler" Subject: Ear discomfort ruining your day? Ear discomfort ruining your day? http://vertigodiss.za.com/JtxISYT7EXDvV7gb9Ma6Mhx-jv2gyHLYA_It7hB9a6n--ZmPQA http://vertigodiss.za.com/gnhG9pppU8h_Hwn6R1pRdrYQAUkX0SpCN_zIzzgzs1awEsjb2g ems receive distinct ordinal numbers, including items that compare equal. The assignment of distinct ordinal numbers to items that compare equal can be done at random, or arbitrarily, but it is generally preferable to use a system that is arbitrary but consistent, as this gives stable results if the ranking is done multiple times. An example of an arbitrary but consistent system would be to incorporate other attributes into the ranking order (such as alphabetical ordering of the competitor's name) to ensure that no two items exactly match. With this strategy, if A ranks ahead of B and C (which compare equal) which are both ranked ahead of D, then A gets ranking number 1 ("first") and D gets ranking number 4 ("fourth"), and either B gets ranking number 2 ("second") and C gets ranking number 3 ("third") or C gets ranking number 2 ("second") and B gets ranking number 3 ("third"). In computer data processing, ordinal ranking is also referred to as "row numbering". This method corresponds to the "first", "last", and "random" methods in the R programming language to handle ties. Fractional ranking ("1 2.5 2.5 4" ranking) Items that compare equal receive the same ranking number, which is the mean of what they would have under ordinal rankings; equivalently, the ranking number of 1 plus the number of items ranked above it plus half the number of items equal to it. This strategy has the property that the sum of the ranking numbers is the same as under ordinal ranking. For this reason, it is used in computing Borda counts and in statistical tests (see below). Thus if A ranks ahead of B and C (which compare equal) which are both rank ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 26 Dec 2024 08:23:43 +0100 From: "Enence Translator" Subject: Accidents happen Accidents happen http://jointfixer.ru.com/7u3yPo_AGZVbVRc4rawoSjiZDREb87CC5hn-M0uxlGEv_R_vrg http://jointfixer.ru.com/zZNNneYASspzIhjd-FkfDUd3qkuEgCTfzfCEoA0pSEH_EgrXQA lationship between a set of items, often recorded in a list, such that, for any two items, the first is either "ranked higher than", "ranked lower than", or "ranked equal to" the second. In mathematics, this is known as a weak order or total preorder of objects. It is not necessarily a total order of objects because two different objects can have the same ranking. The rankings themselves are totally ordered. For example, materials are totally preordered by hardness, while degrees of hardness are totally ordered. If two items are the same in rank it is considered a tie. By reducing detailed measures to a sequence of ordinal numbers, rankings make it possible to evaluate complex information according to certain criteria. Thus, for example, an Internet search engine may rank the pages it finds according to an estimation of their relevance, making it possible for the user quickly to select the pages they are likely to want to see. Analysis of data obtained by ranking commonly requires non-parametric statistics. Strategies for handling ties It is not always possible to assign rankings uniquely. For example, in a race or competition two (or more) entrants might tie for a place in the ranking. When computing an ordinal measurement, two (or more) of the quantities being ranked might measure equal. In these cases, one of the strategies below for assigning the rankings may be adopted. A common shorthand way to distinguish these ranking strategies is by the ranking numbers that would be produced for four items, with the first item ranked ahead of the second and third (which compare equal) which are both ranked ahead of the fourth. These names are also shown belo ------------------------------ End of alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #15273 ***********************************************