From: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org (alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest) To: ammf-digest@smoe.org Subject: alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #14004 Reply-To: ammf@fruvous.com Sender: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Errors-To: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Precedence: bulk alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest Thursday, May 30 2024 Volume 14 : Number 14004 Today's Subjects: ----------------- A Genuine Mastercard Credit Card Apply for A Genuine Reflex Credit Card [] ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Thu, 30 May 2024 13:12:28 +0200 From: "Reflex Card Offer" Subject: A Genuine Mastercard Credit Card Apply for A Genuine Reflex Credit Card A Genuine Mastercard Credit Card Apply for A Genuine Reflex Credit Card http://silencilignite.ru.com/IP28xMexofb8UmcjV06XDlX6HWZjSuP1Oh72GDIKPSEbpq2- http://silencilignite.ru.com/vtwIzld1Sa3xReJpNDN2YXfU-cJNazOkhkFYFKizCqlYkwFxCA between the French and English monarchies can be traced back to the 1066 Norman Conquest of England, in which the English throne was seized by the Duke of Normandy, a vassal of the King of France. As a result, the crown of England was held by a succession of nobles who already owned lands in France, which put them among the most influential subjects of the French King, as they could now draw upon the economic power of England to enforce their interests in the mainland. To the kings of France, this dangerously threatened their royal authority, and so they would constantly try to undermine English rule in France, while the English monarchs would struggle to protect and expand their lands. This clash of interests was the root cause of much of the conflict between the French and English monarchies throughout the medieval era. The Anglo-Norman dynasty that had ruled England since the Norman conquest of 1066 was brought to an end when Henry, the son of Geoffrey of Anjou and Empress Matilda, and great-grandson of William the Conqueror, became the first of the Angevin kings of England in 1154 as Henry II. The Angevin kings ruled over what was later known as the Angevin Empire, which included more French territory than that under the kings of France. The Angevins still owed homage to the French king for these territories. From the 11th century, the Angevins had autonomy within their French domains, neutralizing the issue. King John of England inherited the Angevin domains from his brother Richard I. However, Philip II of France acted decisively to exploit the weaknesses of John, both legally and militarily, and by 1204 had succeeded in taking control of much of the Angevin continental possessions. Following John's reign, the Battle of Bouvines (1214), the Saintonge War (1242), and finally the War of Saint-Sardo ------------------------------ End of alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #14004 ***********************************************