From: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org (alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest) To: ammf-digest@smoe.org Subject: alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #12656 Reply-To: ammf@fruvous.com Sender: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Errors-To: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Precedence: bulk alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest Wednesday, November 22 2023 Volume 14 : Number 12656 Today's Subjects: ----------------- People With Early Alzheimerâs Do This Bathroom Mistake ["Bathroom Mistake] Congratulations! You can get a $90 United Airlines gift card! ["United Ai] ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Mon, 20 Nov 2023 17:03:23 +0100 From: "Bathroom Mistake" Subject: People With Early Alzheimerâs Do This Bathroom Mistake People With Early Alzheimerbs Do This Bathroom Mistake http://costco-survy.shop/XiIKJnFcO7_oP3JTPlIn5u9bPEsXl-F9RVpYRryRyYcVl2Niqg http://costco-survy.shop/oYlM55MuUjfpPPOquy04s9ZB9d-4N7Ck4rorEiD3adcyC4e9OQ Some features of factual knowledge are widely accepted: it is a form of cognitive success that establishes epistemic contact with reality. However, there are still various disagreements about its exact nature even though it has been studied intensely. Different factors are responsible for these disagreements. Some theorists try to furnish a practically useful definition by describing its most noteworthy and easily identifiable features. Others engage in an analysis of knowledge, which aims to provide a theoretically precise definition that identifies the set of essential features characteristic for all instances of knowledge and only for them. Differences in the methodology may also cause disagreements. In this regard, some epistemologists use abstract and general intuitions in order to arrive at their definitions. A different approach is to start from concrete individual cases of knowledge to determine what all of them have in common. Yet another method is to focus on linguistic evidence by studying how the term "knowledge" is commonly used. Different standards of knowledge are further sources of disagreement. A few theorists set these standards very high by demanding that absolute certainty or infallibility is necessary. On such a view, knowledge is a very rare thing. Theorists more in tune with ordinary language usually demand lower standards and see knowledge as something commonly found in everyday life. As justified true belief The historically most influential definition, discussed since ancient Greek philosophy, characterizes knowledge in relation to three essential features: as (1) a belief that is (2) true and (3) justified. There is still wide acceptance that the first two features are correct, i.e. that knowledge is a mental state that affirms a true proposition. However, there is a lot of dispute about the third feature: justification. This feature is usuall ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 20 Nov 2023 08:51:59 +0100 From: "United Airlines Opinion Requested" Subject: Congratulations! You can get a $90 United Airlines gift card! Congratulations! You can get a $90 United Airlines gift card! http://hearthelthringer.life/eBQf8I7mVCHEyDQcCLa6EGwyJJGu3DFfzu-U-zLvu5Wdxz80kA http://hearthelthringer.life/0H-Q3MG6dzmXA7lc1EIrTe6wG-Ku53bbECOLAiVLrL0krU-JqQ The QuinebPutnam indispensability argument is an argument in the philosophy of mathematics for the existence of abstract mathematical objects such as numbers and sets, a position known as mathematical platonism. It was named after the philosophers Willard Quine and Hilary Putnam, and is one of the most important arguments in the philosophy of mathematics. Although elements of the indispensability argument may have originated with thinkers such as Gottlob Frege and Kurt GC6del, Quine's development of the argument was unique for introducing to it a number of his philosophical positions such as naturalism, confirmational holism, and the criterion of ontological commitment. Putnam gave Quine's argument its first detailed formulation in his 1971 book Philosophy of Logic. He later came to disagree with various aspects of Quine's thinking, however, and formulated his own indispensability argument based on the no miracles argument in the philosophy of science. A standard form of the argument in contemporary philosophy is credited to Mark Colyvan; whilst being influenced by both Quine and Putnam, it differs in important ways from their formulations. It is presented in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: entities that are indispensable to our best scientific theories. Mathematical entities are indispensable to our best scientific theories. Therefore, we ought to have ontological commitment to mathematical entities. Nominalists, philosophers who reject the existence of abstract objects, have argued against both premises of this argument. An influential argument by Hartry Field claims that mathematical entities are dispensable to science. This argument has been supported by attempts to demonstrate that scientific and mathematical theories can be reformulated to remove all references to mathematical entities. Other philosophers, including Penelope Maddy, Elliott Sober, and Joseph We ought to have ontological commitment to all and only the ------------------------------ End of alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #12656 ***********************************************