From: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org (alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest) To: ammf-digest@smoe.org Subject: alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #12641 Reply-To: ammf@fruvous.com Sender: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Errors-To: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Precedence: bulk alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest Tuesday, November 21 2023 Volume 14 : Number 12641 Today's Subjects: ----------------- Nomad Smoker Exclusive Rewards For You ["Dicks Sporting Goods Customer Su] Is this photo your Loved One? ["Samuel" ] Your package could not be delivered due to an outstanding payment of $2.34 ["Revolution Toaster Unlocked" Subject: Nomad Smoker Exclusive Rewards For You Nomad Smoker Exclusive Rewards For You http://vertigindizziness.shop/l5GCWFjUHNvNJ4u3OerRuVGttkMlhdXqDRWOXW42gkw5j3hdrQ http://vertigindizziness.shop/5JoQwZTRtzmmC7fGmVJG6-vwkCES7irtp63CswlOyRkt1H_jlw Logical truth is one of the most fundamental concepts in logic. Broadly speaking, a logical truth is a statement which is true regardless of the truth or falsity of its constituent propositions. In other words, a logical truth is a statement which is not only true, but one which is true under all interpretations of its logical components (other than its logical constants). Thus, logical truths such as "if p, then p" can be considered tautologies. Logical truths are thought to be the simplest case of statements which are analytically true (or in other words, true by definition). All of philosophical logic can be thought of as providing accounts of the nature of logical truth, as well as logical consequence. Logical truths are generally considered to be necessarily true. This is to say that they are such that no situation could arise in which they could fail to be true. The view that logical statements are necessarily true is sometimes treated as equivalent to saying that logical truths are true in all possible worlds. However, the question of which statements are necessarily true remains the subject of continued debate. Treating logical truths, analytic truths, and necessary truths as equivalent, logical truths can be contrasted with facts (which can also be called contingent claims or synthetic claims). Contingent truths are true in this world, but could have turned out otherwise (in other words, they are false in at least one possible world). Logically true propositions such as "If p and q, then p" and "All married people are married" are logical truths because they are true due to their internal structure and not because of any facts of the world (whereas "All married people are happy", even if it were true, could not be true solely in virtue of its logical structure). Rationalist philosophers have suggested that th ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 20 Nov 2023 15:43:52 +0100 From: "Samuel" Subject: Is this photo your Loved One? Is this photo your Loved One? http://costco-survy.shop/oBdJ6cmlUwkbLjfwr5cVVhfeUBpuSgi21-6KyapZ3C2yXQ9JdA http://costco-survy.shop/7WOI6Fp6gxBXSV9RXBv0XWEju6F4-OpG4iiq7fFwD8n1Bpupzg carrying a concealed Smith & Wesson .38-calibre revolver, but was unable to draw it before he was overpowered, although he did manage to press the "panic button" on his radio. Lock was later frisked, but the gunman conducting the search did not find the constable's weapon. He remained in possession of the revolver, and to keep it concealed he refused to remove his coat, which he told the gunmen was to "preserve his image" as a police officer. The officer also refused offers of food throughout the siege for fear that the weapon would be seen if he had to use the toilet and a gunman decided to escort him. Although the majority of the people in the embassy were captured, three managed to escape; two by climbing out of a ground-floor window and the third by climbing across a first-floor parapet to the Ethiopian Embassy next door. A fourth person, Gholam-Ali Afrouz, the chargC) d'affaires and thus most senior Iranian official present, briefly escaped by jumping out of a first-floor window, but was injured in the process and quickly captured. Afrouz and the 25 other hostages were all taken to a room on the second floor. The majority of the hostages were embassy staff, predominantly Iranian nationals, but several British employees were also captured. The other hostages were all visitors, with the exception of Lock, the British police officer guarding the embassy. Afrouz had been appointed to the position less than a year before, his predecessor having been dismissed after the revolution. Abbas Fallahi, who had been a butler before the revolution, was appointed the doorman by Afrouz. One of the British members of staff was Ron Morris, from Battersea, who had worked for the embassy in various positions since 1947. During the course of the siege, police and journalists established the identities of several other hostages. Mustapha Karkouti was a journalist covering the crisis at the US Embassy in Tehran and was at the embassy for an interview with Abdul Fazi Ezzati, the cultural attachC). Muhammad Hashir Faruqi was another journalist, at the embassy to interview Afrouz ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 20 Nov 2023 14:47:31 +0100 From: "Revolution Toaster Unlocked" Subject: Your package could not be delivered due to an outstanding payment of $2.34 Your package could not be delivered due to an outstanding payment of $2.34 http://supertranslator.shop/65oZ8U5hN-dOrJpCuBZhIAq0JTUjcdx0A-FrN177wos-JPWuKw http://supertranslator.shop/y_dF11JJViIl0TchuDpccsmhuVIELAXfv9z9bVnDIMgqxKY alled indirect realism". In that sense, Descartes was the father of modern realism and, for realists, of modern philosophy as well. Descartes's interactionism (interaction between the physical reality and the substance of the mind) was abandoned in the nineteenth century because of the growing popularity of philosophical mechanism. Realism itself was not abandoned, only the coexistence of an independent substance behind the mind was abandoned.[note 9] Historians of philosophy traditionally divide this period into a dispute between empiricists (including Francis Bacon, John Locke, David Hume, and George Berkeley) and rationalists (including RenC) Descartes, Baruch Spinoza, and Gottfried Leibniz). The debate between them has often been framed using the question of whether knowledge comes primarily from sensory experience (empiricism), or whether a significant portion of our knowledge is derived entirely from our faculty of reason (rationalism). According to some scholars, this dispute was resolved in the late 18th century by Immanuel Kant,[citation needed] whose transcendental idealism famously made room for the view that "though all our knowledge begins with experience, it by no means follows that all arises out of experience". Contemporary philosophers consider that epistemology is a major subfield of philosophy, along with ethics, logic, and metaphysics, which are more ancient subdivisions of philosophy. There are different views on the relation between epistemology, natural sciences and these ancient divisions of philosophy: William Alston considers that it has historically always been a part of cognitive psychology.[note 10] Quine viewed epistemology as a chapter of psychologySect.1.1 whereas Russell viewed it as a mix of psychology and logic. In contrast, Popp ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 20 Nov 2023 08:54:27 +0100 From: "Thank you" Subject: BONUS: $90 Paypal Gift Card Opportunity BONUS: $90 Paypal Gift Card Opportunity http://vertigindizziness.shop/4TqLAHOoadtkOOzDnC5FLJmBOL85q6cPfH5f2dg7ZmFFL_Zw2A http://vertigindizziness.shop/-2945_1CQBhATQQSINK8pkzjDZkZ87Lxt3ZhbF0fjCQ9ZXryIg The second premise of the indispensability argument states mathematical objects are indispensable to our best scientific theories. In this context, indispensability is not the same as ineliminability because any entity can be eliminated from a theoretical system given appropriate adjustments to the other parts of the system. Therefore, dispensability requires an entity is eliminable without sacrificing the attractiveness of the theory. The attractiveness of the theory can be evaluated in terms of theoretical virtues such as explanatory power, empirical adequacy and simplicity. Furthermore, if an entity is dispensable to a theory, an equivalent theory can be formulated without it. This is the case, for example, if each sentence in one theory is a paraphrase of a sentence in another or if the two theories predict the same empirical observations. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, one of the most influential arguments against the indispensability argument comes from Hartry Field. It rejects the claim that mathematical objects are indispensable to science; Field has supported this argument by reformulating or "nominalizing" scientific theories so they do not refer to mathematical objects. As part of this project, Field has offered a reformulation of Newtonian physics in terms of the relationships between space-time points. Instead of referring to numerical distances, Field's reformulation uses relationships such as "between" and "congruent" to recover the theory without imply Field's alternative to platonism is mathe ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 20 Nov 2023 11:22:36 +0100 From: "2023 Christmas Ornament 50% Off" Subject: portable power portable power http://myshedplan.best/31QRiuPsbz3XQ3FyjlCrFl1O3ORYFIaEvV7K7ipYT3L5_pBZmQ http://myshedplan.best/uk3KN37seQe0DfWOoQOxjv17mG3uOMjXA5pbUJZKEofvKeWf This section is about the history of epistemology. In Barry Stroud's terminology,:?497? it is a part of a "historically informed epistemology".[note 2] Contemporary philosophers such as Maria Rosa Antognazza, Luciano Floridi and others argued that epistemologists would benefit from looking more at the history of epistemology, that is, at the history of evolving epistemological concepts and questions.[note 3] The next section, in constrast, looks at fixed contemporary epistemogical concepts and questions within the history of philosophy: in Stroud's terminology,:?497? it is a part of a "historically borientedb epistemology". Some arguments used in the contemporary externalist/internalist debate in philosophy of mind refer to the relation between mind and body that Descartes introduced in the early modern period.[note 4] Descartes' answers to epistemological questions are not so easily related to contemporary justificatory views in naturalized epistemology and in the epistemological counterpart of this debate.[note 5] However, the epistemological debate has been connected with the semantical debate in the philosophy of mind. Together, they constitute a fundamental part of contemporary epistemology and of key contemp ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 20 Nov 2023 17:21:15 +0100 From: "Game-Changing" Subject: This Game-Changing, Long-Lasting Device Can Endure for Decades This Game-Changing, Long-Lasting Device Can Endure for Decades http://yoursolarinnovator.shop/7wf_oFb5z-71nmvA3wfX_156vfzYtDrcJ5JSbwxJWz-sLf_4tQ http://yoursolarinnovator.shop/sFuxBN5KGR_UhxYd3FjAmw_FFB1e0pWB7N5Npc3-kVGxTMB1LA skills, as in knowing how to swim, or to an experiential acquaintance, as in knowing Daniel Craig personally. Factual knowledge, also referred to as propositional knowledge or descriptive knowledge, plays a special role in epistemology. On the linguistic level, it is distinguished from the other forms of knowledge since it can be expressed through a that-clause, i.e. using a formulation like "They know that..." followed by the known proposition. Some features of factual knowledge are widely accepted: it is a form of cognitive success that establishes epistemic contact with reality. However, there are still various disagreements about its exact nature even though it has been studied intensely. Different factors are responsible for these disagreements. Some theorists try to furnish a practically useful definition by describing its most noteworthy and easily identifiable features. Others engage in an analysis of knowledge, which aims to provide a theoretically precise definition that identifies the set of essential features characteristic for all instances of knowledge and only for them. Differences in the methodology may also cause disagreements. In this regard, some epistemologists use abstract and general intuitions in order to arrive at their definitions. A different approach is to start from concrete individual cases of knowledge to determine what all of them have in common. Yet another method is to focus ------------------------------ End of alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #12641 ***********************************************