From: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org (alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest) To: ammf-digest@smoe.org Subject: alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #11928 Reply-To: ammf@fruvous.com Sender: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Errors-To: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Precedence: bulk alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest Thursday, August 3 2023 Volume 14 : Number 11928 Today's Subjects: ----------------- Congratulations! You've Won a Free Husky Tool Set from Home Depot! ["Ulti] Leave your feedback and you could WIN! ["Consumer Survey" Subject: Congratulations! You've Won a Free Husky Tool Set from Home Depot! Congratulations! You've Won a Free Husky Tool Set from Home Depot! http://belivebg.email/g6eruaOCSR8X04aanIT9CLeCbKAKxqrkGJTvKHf3uxYG6Uh7MA http://belivebg.email/kuhVPxd9qfkc6zdr-daNOiBI2js1KXRYHxUygJKNwBppfx9M4A The study of earthquakes is challenging as the source events cannot be observed directly, and it took many years to develop the mathematics for understanding what the seismic waves from an earthquake can tell us about the source event. An early step was to determine how different systems of forces might generate seismic waves equivalent to those observed from earthquakes. The simplest force system is a single force acting on an object. If it has sufficient strength to overcome any resistance it will cause the object to move ("translate"). A pair of forces, acting on the same "line of action" but in opposite directions, will cancel; if they cancel (balance) exactly there will be no net translation, though the object will experience stress, either tension or compression. If the pair of forces are offset, acting along parallel but separate lines of action, the object experiences a rotational force, or torque. In mechanics (the branch of physics concerned with the interactions of forces) this model is called a couple, also simple couple or single couple. If a second couple of equal and opposite magnitude is applied their torques cancel; this is called a double couple. A double couple can be viewed as "equivalent to a pressure and tension acting simultaneously at right angles". The single couple and double couple models are important in seismology because each can be used to derive how the seismic waves generated by an earthquake event should appear in the "far field" (that is, at distance). Once that relation is understood it can be inverted to use the earthquake's observed seismic waves to determine its other characteristics, including fault geometry and seismic moment.[citation needed] In 1923 Hiroshi Nakano showed that certain aspects of seismic waves could be explained in terms of a double couple model. This led to a three-decade long controversy over the best way to model the seismic source: as a single couple, or a double couple. While Japanese seismologists favored the double couple, most seismologists favored the single couple. Although the single couple model had some short-comings, it seemed more intuitive, and there was a belief b mistaken, as it turned out b that the elastic rebound theory for explaining why earthquakes happen required a single couple model. In principle these models could be distinguished by differences in the radiation patterns of their S-waves, but the quality of the observational data was inadequate for that. The debate ended when Maruyama (1963), Haskell (1964), and Burridge and Knopoff (1964) showed that if earthquake ruptures are modeled as dislocations the pattern of seismic radiation can always be matched with an equivalent pattern derived from a double couple,[citation needed] but not from a single couple. This was confirmed as better and more plentiful data coming from the World-Wide Standard Seismograph Network (WWSSN) permitted closer analysis of seismic waves. Notably, in 1966 Keiiti Aki showed that the seismic moment of the 1964 Niigata earthquake as calculated from the seismic waves on the basis of a double couple was ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 3 Aug 2023 09:58:05 +0200 From: "Consumer Survey" Subject: Leave your feedback and you could WIN! Leave your feedback and you could WIN! http://folixinex.rest/UUcnazUuP-nBkDGAO0bHTFajTYA1_FMSjTSVV0-D_j2fykcg0g http://folixinex.rest/MmsKMl60k3NZBspYhQTuBPfhxUJoYLe3rDjtlIWXHe1CqWTSWA At the beginning of the twentieth century, very little was known about how earthquakes happen, how seismic waves are generated and propagate through the earth's crust, and what information they carry about the earthquake rupture process; the first magnitude scales were therefore empirical. The initial step in determining earthquake magnitudes empirically came in 1931 when the Japanese seismologist Kiyoo Wadati showed that the maximum amplitude of an earthquake's seismic waves diminished with distance at a certain rate. Charles F. Richter then worked out how to adjust for epicentral distance (and some other factors) so that the logarithm of the amplitude of the seismograph trace could be used as a measure of "magnitude" that was internally consistent and corresponded roughly with estimates of an earthquake's energy. He established a reference point and the now familiar ten-fold (exponential) scaling of each degree of magnitude, and in 1935 published what he called the "magnitude scale", now called the local magnitude scale, labeled ML?. (This scale is also known as the Richter scale, but news media sometimes use that term indiscriminately to refer to other similar scales.) The local magnitude scale was developed on the basis of shallow (~15 km (9 mi) deep), moderate-sized earthquakes at a distance of approximately 100 to 600 km (62 to 373 mi), conditions where the surface waves are predominant. At greater depths, distances, or magnitudes the surface waves are greatly reduced, and the local magnitude scale underestimates the magnitude, a problem called saturation. Additional scales were developed b a surface-wave magnitude scale (Ms) by Beno Gutenberg in 1945, a body-wave magnitude scale (mB) by Gutenberg and Richter in 1956, and a number of variants b to overcome the deficiencies of the ML? scale, but all are subject to saturation. A particular problem was that the Ms? scale (which in the 1970s was the preferred magnitude scale) saturates around Ms?8.0 and therefore underestimates the energy release of "great" earthquakes such as the 1960 Chilean and 1964 Alaskan earthquakes. These had Ms? magnitudes of 8.5 and 8.4 respectively but were notably more powerful than other M 8 earthquakes; their moment magnitudes were closer to 9.6 and ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 3 Aug 2023 09:57:16 +0200 From: "Dewalt Power Station Department" Subject: Your package could not be delivered. Your package could not be delivered. http://medicinalkitappletv.life/w52nGF7kiqKLa24pB2CePaAbiBYmYmVOaxywgFmN-8yLwp4e5Q http://medicinalkitappletv.life/nWy38Ywl62oAUoEUqkGd3m5Qxt3vCQec8CPf69EIR0Ggm0v3fw Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (/?C&nd?i??sp?rmi?/), commonly called angiosperms. They include all forbs (flowering plants without a woody stem), grasses and grass-like plants, a vast majority of broad-leaved trees, shrubs & vines, and most aquatic plants. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ??????? /angeion ('container, vessel') and ?????? / sperma ('seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed within a fruit. They are by far the most diverse group of land plants with 64 orders, 416 families, approximately 13,000 known genera and 300,000 known species. Angiosperms were formerly called Magnoliophyta (/mC&??no?li??f?t?, -??fa?t?/). Angiosperms are distinguished from the other seed-producing plants, the gymnosperms, by having flowers, xylem consisting of vessel elements instead of tracheids, endosperm within their seeds, and fruits that completely envelop the seeds. The ancestors of flowering plants diverged from the common ancestor of all living gymnosperms before the end of the Carboniferous, over 300 million years ago. In the Cretaceous, angiosperms diversified explosively, becoming the dominant group of plants across the planet. Agriculture is almost entirely dependent on angiosperms, and a small number of flowering plant families supply nearly all plant-based food and livestock feed. Rice, maize, and wheat provide half of the world's calorie intake, and all three plants are cereals from the Poaceae family (colloquially known as grasses). Other families provide materials such as wood, paper and cotton, and supply numerous ingredients for traditional and modern medicines. Flowering plants are also commonly grown for decorative purposes, with certain flowers playing a significant role in many cultures. Out of the "Big Five" extinction events in Earth's history, only the End-Cretaceous extinction event had occurred while angiosperms dominated plant life on the planet. Today, Holocene extinction affects all kingdoms of complex life on Earth, and conservation measures are necessary to protect plants in their habitats in the wild (in situ), or failing that, ex situ in seed banks or artificial habitats. Otherwise, around 40% of plant species may become extinct due to human actions such as habitat destruction, introduction of invasive species, unsustainable logging and collection of medicinal or decorative plants. Further, climate change is starting to impact plants and is likely to cause many species to become extinct by ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 3 Aug 2023 10:48:27 +0200 From: "Go Bag" Subject: [FLASH ALERT] WINNER item inside [FLASH ALERT] WINNER item inside http://synogutairlinesurvey.life/kUWYaVVhUpnd6sl8-SQ9uO_ZIoPl2ysidl6zZX2kSVpf1icfVg http://synogutairlinesurvey.life/lTFT99QUNM_Fvmxk6CGzbVADgZsQdDP2S0spuF_4Ck8y3qlnDQ Poaceae (/po??e?sia?, -si?i?/) or Gramineae (/?r??m?nia?/) is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns and pasture. The latter are commonly referred to collectively as grass. With around 780 genera and around 12,000 species, the Poaceae is the fifth-largest plant family, following the Asteraceae, Orchidaceae, Fabaceae and Rubiaceae. The Poaceae are the most economically important plant family, providing staple foods from domesticated cereal crops such as maize, wheat, rice, barley, and millet as well as feed for meat-producing animals. They provide, through direct human consumption, just over one-half (51%) of all dietary energy; rice provides 20%, wheat supplies 20%, maize (corn) 5.5%, and other grains 6%[citation needed]. Some members of the Poaceae are used as building materials (bamboo, thatch, and straw); others can provide a source of biofuel, primarily via the conversion of maize to ethanol. Grasses have stems that are hollow except at the nodes and narrow alternate leaves borne in two ranks. The lower part of each leaf encloses the stem, forming a leaf-sheath. The leaf grows from the base of the blade, an adaptation allowing it to cope with frequent grazing. Grasslands such as savannah and prairie where grasses are dominant are estimated to constitute 40.5% of the land area of the Earth, excluding Greenland and Antarctica. Grasses are also an important part of the vegetation in many other habitats, including wetlands, forests and tundra. Though they are commonly called "grasses", groups such as the seagrasses, rushes and sedges fall outside this family. The rushes and sedges are related to the Poaceae, being members of the order Poales, but the seagrasses are members of order Alismatales. However, all of them belong to the monocot group of plants The JTWC initially consisted of ten people with two officers and three enlisted personnel provided by each service. It was required to provide warnings on all tropical cyclones between the Malay Peninsula and the International Dateline for US government agencies. They also had to determine reconnaissance requirements, prepare annual typhoon summaries, and conduct research into tropical cyclone forecasting and detection. In November 1962, Typhoon Karen destroyed the building housing the Fleet Weather Center/Joint Typhoon Warning Center. It relocated in a more typhoon-proof building in 1965. Between 1971 and 1976, CINCPAC gradually expanded out the JTWC's area of responsibility, to include the area between the International Dateline and the African coasts. In October 1978, the Fleet Weather Center/JTWC became the Navy Oceanographic Command Center/Joint Typhoon Warning Center and responsible for the whole oceanic environment, from the bottom of the ocean to the top of the atmosphere. The JTWC subsequently started issuing warnings for the Southern Hemisphere between ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 3 Aug 2023 09:01:36 +0200 From: "United Airlines Shopper Gift Opportunity" Subject: Important: status of unclaimed reward! Important: status of unclaimed reward! http://funguselixire.life/RZCg-c_bYcAEMxlsq-33Ve5T1kZ5qwdG8cbw9k4Payx5EUhwaw http://funguselixire.life/Jtcl3lIcvgXvzYdZpA67pfZ-kfVXUd9HtHkdjqp89_efPN1C0w At the beginning of the twentieth century, very little was known about how earthquakes happen, how seismic waves are generated and propagate through the earth's crust, and what information they carry about the earthquake rupture process; the first magnitude scales were therefore empirical. The initial step in determining earthquake magnitudes empirically came in 1931 when the Japanese seismologist Kiyoo Wadati showed that the maximum amplitude of an earthquake's seismic waves diminished with distance at a certain rate. Charles F. Richter then worked out how to adjust for epicentral distance (and some other factors) so that the logarithm of the amplitude of the seismograph trace could be used as a measure of "magnitude" that was internally consistent and corresponded roughly with estimates of an earthquake's energy. He established a reference point and the now familiar ten-fold (exponential) scaling of each degree of magnitude, and in 1935 published what he called the "magnitude scale", now called the local magnitude scale, labeled ML?. (This scale is also known as the Richter scale, but news media sometimes use that term indiscriminately to refer to other similar scales.) The local magnitude scale was developed on the basis of shallow (~15 km (9 mi) deep), moderate-sized earthquakes at a distance of approximately 100 to 600 km (62 to 373 mi), conditions where the surface waves are predominant. At greater depths, distances, or magnitudes the surface waves are greatly reduced, and the local magnitude scale underestimates the magnitude, a problem called saturation. Additional scales were developed b a surface-wave magnitude scale (Ms) by Beno Gutenberg in 1945, a body-wave magnitude scale (mB) by Gutenberg and Richter in 1956, and a number of variants b to overcome the deficiencies of the ML? scale, but all are subject to saturation. A particular problem was that the Ms? scale (which in the 1970s was the preferred magnitude scale) saturates around Ms?8.0 and therefore underestimates the energy release of "great" earthquakes such as the 1960 Chilean and 1964 Alaskan earthquakes. These had Ms? magnitudes of 8.5 and 8.4 respectively but were notably more powerful than other M 8 earthquakes; their moment magnitudes were closer to 9.6 and ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2023 17:06:22 +0000 From: "beautifying the courtyard" Subject: Transforming Your Outdoor Space into a Birds' Oasis! Get It Now! [IMAGE] Unveiling the Craze: Why The Birds' Feather Spa that's Captivating the US!! ====================================================================== - ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Birds' Feather Spa The delightful Sherem Solar Powered Water Fountain is specifically designed to create a playful haven for birds. 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