From: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org (alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest) To: ammf-digest@smoe.org Subject: alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #11868 Reply-To: ammf@fruvous.com Sender: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Errors-To: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Precedence: bulk alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest Monday, July 31 2023 Volume 14 : Number 11868 Today's Subjects: ----------------- Shopper, You can qualify to get a $50 Netflix gift card! ["Netflix Shoppe] ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2023 12:38:58 +0200 From: "Netflix Shopper Feedback" Subject: Shopper, You can qualify to get a $50 Netflix gift card! Shopper, You can qualify to get a $50 Netflix gift card! http://securitycamera.email/_47tdAmK4aqM97UPz6gKTOvDUvJdl4l1CFwatECHZNoiUIyhhg http://securitycamera.email/CgCMLNifCdTTMakQ6AH780vrPRGzk26NGKN7kQ5yqdwRruRuZQ kman transport is part of Ekman motion theory, first investigated in 1902 by Vagn Walfrid Ekman. Winds are the main source of energy for ocean circulation, and Ekman transport is a component of wind-driven ocean current. Ekman transport occurs when ocean surface waters are influenced by the friction force acting on them via the wind. As the wind blows it casts a friction force on the ocean surface that drags the upper 10-100m of the water column with it. However, due to the influence of the Coriolis effect, the ocean water moves at a 90B0 angle from the direction of the surface wind. The direction of transport is dependent on the hemisphere: in the northern hemisphere, transport occurs at 90B0 clockwise from wind direction, while in the southern hemisphere it occurs at 90B0 anticlockwise. This phenomenon was first noted by Fridtjof Nansen, who recorded that ice transport appeared to occur at an angle to the wind direction during his Arctic expedition during the 1890s. Ekman transport has significant impacts on the biogeochemical properties of the world's oceans. This is because it leads to upwelling (Ekman suction) and downwelling (Ekman pumping) in order to obey mass conservation laws. Mass conservation, in reference to Ekman transfer, requires that any water displaced within an area must be replenished. This can be done by either Ekman suction or Ekman pumping depending on wind patterns Ekman theory explains the theoretical state of circulation if water currents were driven only by the transfer of momentum from the wind. In the physical world, this is difficult to observe because of the influences of many simultaneous current driving forces (for example, pressure and density gradients). Though the following theory technically applies to the idealized situation involving only wind forces, Ekman motion describes the wind-driven portion of circulation seen in the surface layer. Surface currents flow at a 45B0 angle to the wind due to a balance between the Coriolis force and the drags generated by the wind and the water. If the ocean is divided vertically into thin layers, the magnitude of the velocity (the speed) decreases from a maximum at the surface until it dissipates. The direction also shifts slightly across each subsequent layer (right in the northern hemisphere and left in the southern hemisphere). This is called the Ekman spiral. The layer of water from the surface to the point of dissipation of this spiral is known as the Ekman layer. If all flow over the Ekman layer is integrated, the net transportation is at 90B0 to the right (left) of the surface wind in the northern (southern) hemisphere ------------------------------ End of alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #11868 ***********************************************