From: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org (alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest) To: ammf-digest@smoe.org Subject: alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #11824 Reply-To: ammf@fruvous.com Sender: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Errors-To: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Precedence: bulk alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest Sunday, July 23 2023 Volume 14 : Number 11824 Today's Subjects: ----------------- Designs WITHOUT Hiring Costly Professional Landscape ["Ideas4Landscaping"] ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Sun, 23 Jul 2023 11:37:13 +0200 From: "Ideas4Landscaping" Subject: Designs WITHOUT Hiring Costly Professional Landscape Designs WITHOUT Hiring Costly Professional Landscape http://leptofix.buzz/A429oPP79uQ_oFwm-oSKh1eKjYXacB3qJjNXpyInbI2FLRXWsw http://leptofix.buzz/UrrpWtoh5Ugp-YHh0F4H07HOaxsZl5T99IVKS0kdFtu0DSV_Aw he kings of France traditionally always sought the advice of their entourage (vassals, clerics, etc.) before making important decisions (in the early Middle Ages, this entourage was sometimes called the familia), but only in the 12th century did this deliberation take the form of a specific institution called the King's Court (Latin: the "Curia Regis"). The council had only a consultational role: the final decision was always the king's. Although jurists frequently praised (especially in the 16th century) the advantages of consultative government (with the agreement of his counsellors, the king could more easily impose the most severe of his decisions, or he could have his most unpopular decisions blamed on his counsellors), mainstream legal opinion never held that the king was bound by the decisions of his council. The opposite was however put forward by the States General of 1355b1358, and by the Huguenots and by the Catholic League in the second half of the 16th century. The council's purview concerned all matters pertaining to government and royal administration, both in times of war and of peace. In his council, the king received ambassadors, signed treaties, appointed administrators and gave them instructions (called, from the 12th century on, mandements), elaborated on the laws of the realm (called ordonnances). The council also served as a supreme court and rendered royal justice on those matters that the king reserved for himself (so-called "justice retenue") or decided to discuss personally. Council meetings, initially irregular, took on a regular schedule which became daily from the middle of the 15th century. In addition to the King's Council, the consultative governing of the country also depended on other intermittent and permanent institutions, such as the States General, the Parlements (local appellate courts) and the Provincial Estates. The Parliament of Paris b as indeed all of the sovereign courts of the realm b was itself born out of the King's Council: originally a consultative body of the Curia Regis, later (in the thirteenth century) endowed with judicial functions, the Parliament was separated from the King's Council ------------------------------ End of alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #11824 ***********************************************