From: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org (alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest) To: ammf-digest@smoe.org Subject: alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #11743 Reply-To: ammf@fruvous.com Sender: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Errors-To: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Precedence: bulk alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest Wednesday, July 5 2023 Volume 14 : Number 11743 Today's Subjects: ----------------- =?UTF-8?B?2KrYt9mI2YrYsSDZhdmH2KfYsdin2Kog2LPZg9ix2KrZitixIA==? = =?UTF-8?B?2YXYrNmE2LMg2KfZhNil2K/Yp9ix2KkgKNij2YXZitmGINiz?= =?UTF-8?B?2LEg2KfZhNmF2KzZhNizKS8vINi02YfYp9iv2Kkg2KjYsQ==?= =?UTF-8?B?2YrYt9in2YbZitipINmF2YYgVWhyZGEgRWR1Y2E=?= =?UTF-8?B?dGlvbiDYrtmE2KfZhCDYp9mE2YHYqtix2Kkg2YXZhiA=?= =?UTF-8?B?OSDigJMgMTMg2YrZiNmE2YrZiCAyMDIzINmFINmE?= =?UTF-8?B?2YTYqtmI2KfYtdmEINis2YDZgNmA2YjYp9mEICYg2YjYp9iq?= =?UTF-8?B?2LMg2KfYqCA6IDAwMjAxMDkwOTQ2NDQw?= [] Score Big with Our Pickle Ball Set Giveaway! ["Order Shipment" Subject: =?UTF-8?B?2KrYt9mI2YrYsSDZhdmH2KfYsdin2Kog2LPZg9ix2KrZitixIA==? = =?UTF-8?B?2YXYrNmE2LMg2KfZhNil2K/Yp9ix2KkgKNij2YXZitmGINiz?= =?UTF-8?B?2LEg2KfZhNmF2KzZhNizKS8vINi02YfYp9iv2Kkg2KjYsQ==?= =?UTF-8?B?2YrYt9in2YbZitipINmF2YYgVWhyZGEgRWR1Y2E=?= =?UTF-8?B?dGlvbiDYrtmE2KfZhCDYp9mE2YHYqtix2Kkg2YXZhiA=?= =?UTF-8?B?OSDigJMgMTMg2YrZiNmE2YrZiCAyMDIzINmFINmE?= =?UTF-8?B?2YTYqtmI2KfYtdmEINis2YDZgNmA2YjYp9mEICYg2YjYp9iq?= =?UTF-8?B?2LMg2KfYqCA6IDAwMjAxMDkwOTQ2NDQw?= CgogCgoq2KfZhNiz2YTYp9mFINi52YTZitmD2YUg2YjYsdit2YXYqSDYp9mE2YTZhyDZiNio2LHZ g9in2KrZhyoKCirZitmC2K/ZhSDYp9mE2KfYqtit2YDYp9ivINin2YTYudix2KjZgNmKINmE2KrZ htmF2YrZgNipINin2YTZhdmA2YjYp9ix2K8g2KfZhNio2LTYsdmK2YDZgNipKgoKKtio2KXYudiq 2YXYp9ivINio2LHZiti32KfZhtmKINmF2YYgKipVaHJkYSBFZHVjYXRpb24qIAoKKtin2YTYqNix 2YbYp9mF2Kwg2KfZhNiq2K/YsdmK2KjZiioKCirYqti32YjZitixINmF2YfYp9ix2KfYqiDYs9mD 2LHYqtmK2LEg2YXYrNmE2LMg2KfZhNil2K/Yp9ix2KkqCgoqKNij2YXZitmGINiz2LEg2KfZhNmF 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Score Big with Our Pickle Ball Set Giveaway! http://gutterguardinez.ru.com/yL0mD2PBfJxcjqsagSlVXGgZ0fKMUuXaHOaNuCVoKfi7RKMC6A http://gutterguardinez.ru.com/ZJT6AQKVHtYMs8UtCXOkylWLCoMcH-PanfmlN7j2MeJu36D65w Classical philosophy recognized a number of causes, including teleological final causes. In special relativity and quantum field theory the notions of space, time and causality become tangled together, with temporal orders of causations becoming dependent on who is observing them.[citation needed] The laws of physics are symmetrical in time, so could equally well be used to describe time as running backwards. Why then do we perceive it as flowing in one direction, the arrow of time, and as containing causation flowing in the same direction? For that matter, can an effect precede its cause? This was the title of a 1954 paper by Michael Dummett, which sparked a discussion that continues today. Earlier, in 1947, C. S. Lewis had argued that one can meaningfully pray concerning the outcome of, e.g., a medical test while recognizing that the outcome is determined by past events: "My free act contributes to the cosmic shape." Likewise, some interpretations of quantum mechanics, dating to 1945, involve backward-in-time causal influences. Causality is linked by many philosophers to the concept of counterfactuals. To say that A caused B means that if A had not happened then B would not have happened. This view was advanced by David Lewis in his 1973 paper "Causation". His subsequent papers further develop his theory of causation. Causality is usually required as a foundation for philosophy of science if science aims to understand causes and effects and make predictions about them. Necessity and possibility See also: Modal logic and Modal realism Metaphysicians investigate questions about the ways the world could have been. David Lewis, in On the Plurality of Worlds, endorsed a view called concrete modal realism, according to which facts about how things could have been are made true by other concrete worlds in which things are different. Other philosophers, including Gottfried Leibniz, have dealt with the idea of possible worlds as well. A necessary fact is true across all possible worlds. A possible fact is true in some possible world, even if not in the actual world. For example, it is possible that cats could have had two tails, or that any particular apple could have not existed. By contrast, certain propositions seem necessarily true, such as analytic propositions, e.g., "All bachelors are unmarried." The view that any analytic truth is necessary is not universally held among philosophers ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 5 Jul 2023 09:36:15 +0200 From: "Amazing Deals" Subject: Leave your feedback and you could WIN! Leave your feedback and you could WIN! http://acehardwarez.shop/4whCE7HW3g9_V-M470BLht5calQ1De6e7WmsR7x5SZsL9J4W http://acehardwarez.shop/yig7JtFIlR9KbDk9IvLavQznx17TUaFusDYdmkWVkXosIQev Metaphysical study is conducted using deduction from that which is known a priori. Like foundational mathematics (which is sometimes considered a special case of metaphysics applied to the existence of number), it tries to give a coherent account of the structure of the world, capable of explaining our everyday and scientific perception of the world, and being free from contradictions. In mathematics, there are many different ways to define numbers; similarly, in metaphysics, there are many different ways to define objects, properties, and Goals, for it to become concepts of its Nature, and other entities that are claimed to make up the world. While metaphysics may, as a special case, study the entities postulated by fundamental science such as atoms and superstrings, its core topic is the set of categories such as object, property and causality which those scientific theories assume. For example: claiming that "electrons have charge" is espousing a scientific theory; while exploring what it means for electrons to be (or at least, to be perceived as) "objects", charge to be a "property", and for both to exist in a topological entity called "space", is the task of metaphysics. There are two broad stances about what is "the world" studied by metaphysics. According to metaphysical realism, the objects studied by metaphysics exist independently of any observer so that the subject is the most fundamental of all sciences. Metaphysical anti-realism, on the other hand, assumes that the objects studied by metaphysics exist inside the mind of an observer, so the subject becomes a form of introspection and conceptual analysis. This position is of more recent origin. Some philosophers, notably Kant, discuss both of these "worlds" and what can be inferred about each one. Some, such as the logical positivists, and many scientists, reject the metaphysical realism as meaningless and unverifiable. Others reply that this criticism also applies to any type of knowledge, including hard science, which claims to describe anything other than the contents of human perception, and thus that the world of perception is the objective world in some sense. Metaphysics itself usually assumes that some stance has been taken on these questions and that it may proceed independently of the choicebthe question of which stance to take belongs instead to another branch of ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 5 Jul 2023 10:41:10 +0200 From: "ESaver Watt" Subject: Take Control of Your Energy Usage with StopWatt Take Control of Your Energy Usage with StopWatt http://acehardwarez.shop/soe7Hqf68u0fbB8JpTFsVZ7Q7BvlxMdfAslEP8N0lwLS63e77Q http://acehardwarez.shop/9K9iaXG-qmVa55GeC4bIFj836JTmowm-Xo52-f9Mw5XsxqVd5A Prior to the modern history of science, scientific questions were addressed as a part of natural philosophy. Originally, the term "science" (Latin: scientia) simply meant "knowledge". The scientific method, however, transformed natural philosophy into an empirical activity deriving from experiment, unlike the rest of philosophy. By the end of the 18th century, it had begun to be called "science" to distinguish it from other branches of philosophy. Science and philosophy have been considered separated disciplines ever since. Thereafter, metaphysics denoted philosophical enquiry of a non-empirical character into the nature of existence. Metaphysics continues asking "why" where science leaves off. For example, any theory of fundamental physics is based on some set of axioms, which may postulate the existence of entities such as atoms, particles, forces, charges, mass, or fields. Stating such postulates is considered to be the "end" of a science theory. Metaphysics takes these postulates and explores what they mean as human concepts. For example, do all theories of physics require the existence of space and time, objects, and properties? Or can they be expressed using only objects, or only properties? Do the objects have to retain their identity over time or can they change? If they change, then are they still the same object? Can theories be reformulated by converting properties or predicates (such as "red") into entities (such as redness or redness fields) or processes ('there is some redding happening over there' appears in some human languages in place of the use of properties). Is the distinction between objects and properties fundamental to the physical world or to our perception of it? Much recent work has been devoted to analyzing the role of metaphysics in scientific theorizing. Alexandre KoyrC) led this movement, declaring in his book Metaphysics and Measurement, "It is not by following experiment, but by outstripping experiment, that the scientific mind makes progress." That metaphysical propositions can influence scientific theorizing is John Watkins' most lasting contribution to philosophy. Since 1957 "he showed the ways in which some un-testable and hence, according to Popperian ideas, non-empirical propositions can nevertheless be influential in the development of properly testable and hence scientific theories. These profound results in applied elementary logic...represented an important corrective to positivist teachings about the meaninglessness of metaphysics and of normative claims". Imre Lakatos maintained that all scientific theories have a metaphysical "hard core" essential for the generation of hypotheses and theoretical assumptions. Thus, according to Lakatos, "scientific changes are connected with vast cataclysmic metaphysical revolutions." An example from biology of Lakatos' thesis: David Hull has argued that changes in the ontological status of the species concept have been central in the development of biological thought from Aristotle through Cuvier, Lamarck, and Darwin. Darwin's ignorance of metaphysics made it more difficult for him to respond to his critics because he could not readily grasp the ways in which their underlying metaphysical views differed from ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 5 Jul 2023 09:18:51 +0200 From: "United Airlines Shopper Gift Card Chance" Subject: United Airlines reward - Open immediately! United Airlines reward - Open immediately! http://gutterguardinez.ru.com/unc3thZWiVgMQ6YbKMC8PK6C770pXUgwPjeAbaHR-DitlbEfNQ http://gutterguardinez.ru.com/vpYOs8ZUPFDsiFqDAwVq0CVhpKqpWybOQqI7qeU6J10mDcqFLQ The word "metaphysics" derives from the Greek words ???? (metC!, "after") and ?????? (physikC!, "physics"). It has been suggested that the term might have been coined by a first century CE editor who assembled various small selections of Aristotle's works into the treatise we now know by the name Metaphysics (???? ?? ??????, meta ta physika, lit. 'after the Physics?' b another of Aristotle's works). The prefix meta- ("after") indicates that these works come "after" the chapters on physics. Aristotle himself did not call the subject of his books "metaphysics"; he referred to it as "first philosophy" (Greek: ????? ?????????; Latin: philosophia prima). The editor of Aristotle's works, Andronicus of Rhodes, is thought to have placed the books on first philosophy right after another work, Physics, and called them ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? (tC metC tC physikC biblC-a) or "the books [that come] after the [books on] physics".[clarification needed] However, once the name was given, the commentators sought to find other reasons for its appropriateness. For instance, Thomas Aquinas understood it to refer to the chronological or pedagogical order among our philosophical studies, so that the "metaphysical sciences" would mean "those that we study after having mastered the sciences that deal with the physical world". The term was misread by other medieval commentators, who thought it meant "the science of what is beyond the physical". Following this tradition, the prefix meta- has more recently been prefixed to the names of sciences to designate higher sciences dealing with ulterior and more fundamental problems: hence metamathematics, metalinguistics, metaphysiology, etc. A person who creates or develops metaphysical theories is called a metaphysician. Common parlance also uses the word metaphysics for a different referent from that of those already mentioned, namely for beliefs in arbitrary non-physical or magical entities. For example, "metaphysical healing" to refer to healing by means of remedies that are magical rather than scientific. This usage stemmed from the various historical schools ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 3 Jul 2023 16:11:34 +0200 From: "REMOVES joint pain" <1teaspoon@surveyurvey.shop> Subject: Drink this before breakfast Drink this before breakfast http://surveyurvey.shop/Z209CF9vrAF984utxZFfwXirto7t01JRdS8lROqLpJfXcWYZTw http://surveyurvey.shop/S3k5n_-tk7AT3BEoQNEQas7fLgZ6dUAmv-jEbOsk9BVFleBHbQ The University of Florida (Florida or UF) is a public land-grant research university in Gainesville, Florida. It is a senior member of the State University System of Florida. The university traces its origins to 1853 and has operated continuously on its Gainesville campus since September 1906. After the Florida state legislature's creation of performance standards in 2013, the Florida Board of Governors designated the University of Florida as a "preeminent university". The University of Florida is one of three members of the Association of American Universities in Florida (the others being the University of Miami and the University of South Florida) and is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities b Very high research activity". The university is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS). It is the third largest Florida university by student population and is the fifth largest single-campus university in the United States with 57,841 students enrolled for during the 2020b21 school year. The University of Florida is home to 16 academic colleges and more than 150 research centers and institutes. It offers multiple graduate professional programsbincluding business administration, engineering, law, dentistry, medicine, pharmacy and veterinary medicinebon one contiguous campus and administers 123 master's degree programs and 76 doctoral degree programs in 87 schools and departments. The university's seal is also the seal of the state of Florida, which is on the state flag, though in blue rather than multiple colors. The University of Florida's intercollegiate sports teams, the "Florida Gators", compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I and the Southeastern Conference (SEC). As of 2021, University of Florida students and alumni have won 143 Olympic medals, including 69 gold meda ------------------------------ End of alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #11743 ***********************************************