From: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org (alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest) To: ammf-digest@smoe.org Subject: alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #11692 Reply-To: ammf@fruvous.com Sender: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Errors-To: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Precedence: bulk alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest Saturday, June 24 2023 Volume 14 : Number 11692 Today's Subjects: ----------------- This ingredient can completely eliminate joint pain! ["surgery canceled" ] ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Sat, 24 Jun 2023 16:44:34 +0200 From: "surgery canceled" Subject: This ingredient can completely eliminate joint pain! This ingredient can completely eliminate joint pain! http://lacytiringsjat.za.com/DHwIxzojJhNRsBIxAObRio0CsJk3sIbc_0_iyMM4GoXGJfXRxg http://lacytiringsjat.za.com/vy6AO2NLBXi7BwdTLM-_1An0Ek0HPMWPZxwIfGzEASiK4lKjMQ Early attempts at molecular systematics were also termed chemotaxonomy and made use of proteins, enzymes, carbohydrates, and other molecules that were separated and characterized using techniques such as chromatography. These have been replaced in recent times largely by DNA sequencing, which produces the exact sequences of nucleotides or bases in either DNA or RNA segments extracted using different techniques. In general, these are considered superior for evolutionary studies, since the actions of evolution are ultimately reflected in the genetic sequences. At present, it is still a long and expensive process to sequence the entire DNA of an organism (its genome). However, it is quite feasible to determine the sequence of a defined area of a particular chromosome. Typical molecular systematic analyses require the sequencing of around 1000 base pairs. At any location within such a sequence, the bases found in a given position may vary between organisms. The particular sequence found in a given organism is referred to as its haplotype. In principle, since there are four base types, with 1000 base pairs, we could have 41000 distinct haplotypes. However, for organisms within a particular species or in a group of related species, it has been found empirically that only a minority of sites show any variation at all, and most of the variations that are found are correlated, so that the number of distinct haplotypes that are found is relatively small. In a phylogenetic tree, numerous groupings (clades) exist. A clade may be defined as a group of organisms having a common ancestor throughout evolution. This figure illustrates how a clade in a phylogenetic tree may be expressed. In a molecular systematic analysis, the haplotypes are determined for a defined area of genetic material; a substantial sample of individuals of the target species or other taxon is used; however, many current studies are based on single individuals. Haplotypes of individuals of closely related, yet different, taxa are also ------------------------------ End of alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #11692 ***********************************************